Editing FOXP2 (section)

== Interactions ==
FOXP2 is known to regulate ''[[CNTNAP2]]'', ''[[CTBP1]]'',<ref name="Li_2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Li S, Weidenfeld J, Morrisey EE | title = Transcriptional and DNA binding activity of the Foxp1/2/4 family is modulated by heterotypic and homotypic protein interactions | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 809–22 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14701752 | pmc = 343786 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.24.2.809-822.2004 }}</ref> ''[[SRPX2]]'' and ''[[SCN3A]]''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith RS, Kenny CJ, Ganesh V, Jang A, Borges-Monroy R, Partlow JN, Hill RS, Shin T, Chen AY, Doan RN, Anttonen AK, Ignatius J, Medne L, Bönnemann CG, Hecht JL, Salonen O, Barkovich AJ, Poduri A, Wilke M, de Wit MC, Mancini GM, Sztriha L, Im K, Amrom D, Andermann E, Paetau R, Lehesjoki AE, Walsh CA, Lehtinen MK | title = Sodium Channel SCN3A (Na<sub>V</sub>1.3) Regulation of Human Cerebral Cortical Folding and Oral Motor Development | journal = Neuron | volume = 99 | issue = 5 | pages = 905–913.e7 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 30146301 | pmc = 6226006 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.052 }}</ref><ref name="Spiteri_2007" /><ref name="Vernes_207">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vernes SC, Spiteri E, Nicod J, Groszer M, Taylor JM, Davies KE, Geschwind DH, Fisher SE | title = High-throughput analysis of promoter occupancy reveals direct neural targets of FOXP2, a gene mutated in speech and language disorders | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 81 | issue = 6 | pages = 1232–50 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17999362 | pmc = 2276341 | doi = 10.1086/522238 }}</ref>

FOXP2 downregulates ''CNTNAP2'', a member of the [[neurexin]] family found in neurons. ''CNTNAP2'' is associated with common forms of language impairment.<ref name="Vernes_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vernes SC, Newbury DF, Abrahams BS, Winchester L, Nicod J, Groszer M, Alarcón M, Oliver PL, Davies KE, Geschwind DH, Monaco AP, Fisher SE | title = A functional genetic link between distinct developmental language disorders | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 359 | issue = 22 | pages = 2337–45 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 18987363 | pmc = 2756409 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa0802828 }}</ref>

FOXP2 also downregulates  ''SRPX2'', the 'Sushi Repeat-containing Protein X-linked 2'.<ref name=":02"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/language-gene-has-partner|title='Language Gene' Has a Partner| vauthors = Pennisi E |author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi|date=31 October 2013|work=Science|access-date=30 October 2014|ref=pennisi}}</ref> It directly reduces its expression, by binding to its gene's [[Promoter (genetics)|promoter]]. SRPX2 is involved in [[glutamatergic]] [[synapse formation]] in the [[cerebral cortex]] and is more highly expressed in childhood. SRPX2 appears to specifically increase the number of glutamatergic synapses in the brain, while leaving inhibitory [[GABAergic]] synapses unchanged and not affecting [[dendritic spine]] length or shape. On the other hand, FOXP2's activity does reduce dendritic spine length and shape, in addition to number, indicating it has other regulatory roles in dendritic morphology.<ref name=":02">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sia GM, Clem RL, Huganir RL | title = The human language-associated gene SRPX2 regulates synapse formation and vocalization in mice | journal = Science | volume = 342 | issue = 6161 | pages = 987–91 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24179158 | pmc = 3903157 | doi = 10.1126/science.1245079 | bibcode = 2013Sci...342..987S }}</ref>