Editing Fallacy (section)

=== Whately's grouping ===
English scholar and theologian [[Richard Whately]] (1787–1863) defines a fallacy broadly as, "any argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at hand, while in reality it is not".{{r|eem|page1=8}}

Whately divided fallacies into two groups: ''logical'' and ''material''. According to Whately, logical fallacies are arguments where the conclusion does not follow from the premises. Material fallacies are not logical errors because the conclusion follows from the premises. He then divided the logical group into two groups: purely logical and semi-logical. The semi-logical group included all of Aristotle's [[sophisms]] except ''[[ignoratio elenchi]]'', ''[[petitio principii]]'', and ''[[non causa pro causa]]'', which are in the material group.<ref name="Coffey1912">{{Cite book |last=Coffey |first=P. |url=https://archive.org/details/thescienceoflogi01coffuoft |title=The Science of Logic |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co.|year=1912 |isbn=978-0371778951 |edition=1st |volume=1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/thescienceoflogi01coffuoft/page/302 302] |language=en-US |lccn=12018756 |oclc=797892247 |ol=7104938M |access-date=2016-02-22 |ol-access=free}}</ref>