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False cognate
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=== Between English and other languages === {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! English term ! English etymology ! Foreign term ! Foreign etymology |- | '''bad''' || Possibly from OE '' [[Bæddel and bædling|bæddel]]'' ("hermaphrodite, effeminate man"){{br}}<< PGmc *''bad-'' ("defile") || Persian '''{{lang|fa|بد}}''', ''bad''{{thin space}}<ref name="Campbell2">[[Lyle Campbell]], Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, 3rd edition, p. 350</ref><ref name="Glossary">{{cite book|first1=Lyle|last1=Campbell|author-link1=Lyle Campbell|first2=Mauricio J.|last2=Mixco|title=A Glossary of Historical Linguistics|year=2007|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-2378-5|page=29}}</ref> || Middle Iranian *''vat''{{br}}<< PIE *''wed(h)-'' |- | '''better''' || OE ''betera'' || Persian '''{{lang|fa|بهتر}}''', ''behtar'' and Hindustani descendants || به (''beh'', "good") + تر (''-tar'', "-er") |- |'''cinder''' |OE ''sinder''<br><< PGmc ''*sendra-'' "slag"<br><< PIE ''*sendhro-'' "coagulating fluid" |French ''cendre'' ("ash") |Latin ''cinerem''<br><< PIE ''*ken-'' ("to arise, begin") |- |'''day''' || OE ''dæġ'' {{br}}<< PGmc *''dagaz'' {{br}}<< PIE *''dʰeǵʰ-''<ref name="dhegh"/> || Latin '''''dies''''' ("day") and descendants{{thin space}}<ref name="oed2"/><ref name="Glossary"/> || [[Proto-Italic]] *''djēm'' {{br}}<< PIE *dyḗws ("heaven"){{thin space}}<ref name="oed2"/><ref name="Glossary"/> |- | '''desert''' || Latin ''dēserō'' ("to abandon") {{br}}<< ultimately PIE *''*seh₁-'' ("to sow") || Ancient Egyptian '''''Deshret''''' (refers to the land not flooded by the Nile){{thin space}} || from ''dšr'' (red) |- |'''dog''' || OE ''docga'' or ''dogga'' || [[Mbabaram language|Mbabaram]] '''''[[Mbabaram language#Word for "dog"|dog]]''''' ("dog"){{thin space}}<ref name="Glossary"/> || [[Proto-Pama-Nyungan]] *''gudaga'' |- |'''[[emoticon]]''' |''emotion'' + ''icon'' |Japanese '''''絵文字''''' ([[emoji]]) {{thin space}}<ref name=Taggart-2015>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPO4CgAAQBAJ|title=New Words for Old: Recycling Our Language for the Modern World|first=Caroline|last=Taggart|date=5 November 2015|publisher=Michael O'Mara Books|via=Google Books|isbn=9781782434733 |quote=''Emoji'' is made up of the Japanese for ''picture'' (e) and ''character'' (''moji'') so its resemblance to ''emotion'' and ''emoticon'' is a particularly happy coincidence.}}</ref> |''絵 (e)'' ("picture") + ''文字 (moji)'' ("character")<ref name=Taggart-2015 /> |- | '''have''' || Middle English ''haven''<br><< OE ''habban'' ("to have")<br><< Proto-West Germanic ''*habbjan''<br><< Proto-Germanic ''*habjaną'' ("to have"), durative of ''*habjaną'' ("to lift, take up")<br><< PIE ''*kh₂pyéti'' present tense of ''*keh₂p-'' ("to take, seize, catch"). || Corsican '''''avè''''' ("to have") || Latin ''habēre'', present active infinitive of ''habeō''<br><< Proto-Italic ''*habēō'' << PIE ''*gʰeh₁bʰ-'' ("to grab"). |- | '''hollow''' || OE ''holh'' {{br}}<< PGmc *''holhwo-'' || [[Lake Miwok language|Lake Miwok]] '''''hóllu'''''{{thin space}}<ref name="Campbell2"/> || |- | '''much''' || OE ''myċel'' {{br}}<< PGmc *''mikilaz'' {{br}}<< PIE *''meǵa-'' ("big, stout, great") || Spanish '''''mucho''''' ("much"){{thin space}}<ref name="Glossary"/> || Latin ''multus'' (many){{br}}<< PIE *''ml̥tos'' ("crumbled") |- | '''[[saint]]''' || Latin ''sanctus''{{br}}<< PIE *''seh₂k-'' ("to sanctify") via [[French language|French]] || Sanskrit '''''[[sant (religion)|sant]]''''' and descendants{{thin space}}<ref name="Schomer-1987">{{cite book |last1=Schomer |first1=Karine |last2=McLeod |first2=W. H. |title=The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OkKhOivXrhgC |year=1987 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-208-0277-3 |oclc=879218858 |page=3 |access-date=7 November 2018 |quote=Thus conceptually as well as etymologically, it differs considerably from the false cognate 'saint' which is often used to translate it. Like 'saint', '''sant''' has also taken on the more general ethical meaning of the 'good person' whose life is a spiritual and moral exemplar, and is therefore attached to a wide variety of gurus, 'holy men', and other religious teachers.}}</ref> || ''sat'' ("truth, reality, essence") |- | '''shark''' || Middle English ''shark'' from uncertain origin || Chinese '''鲨''' (shā){{thin space}} || Named as its crude skin is similar to sand (沙 (shā)) |}
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