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Fight-or-flight response
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====Parasympathetic nervous system==== {{See also|Parasympathetic nervous system}} The parasympathetic nervous system originates in the sacral spinal cord and [[Medulla oblongata|medulla]], physically surrounding the sympathetic origin, and works in concert with the sympathetic nervous system. It is known as the calming portion of the autonomic nervous system.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last1=Myers |first1=David G. |title=Psychology |last2=DeWall |first2=C. Nathan |publisher=MacMillan Publishing |year=2021 |edition=13 |pages=422}}</ref> While the sympathetic nervous system is activated, the parasympathetic nervous system decreases its response. Efferent [[Vagus nerve|vagal fibers]] originating from the nucleus ambiguous fire in parallel to the respiratory system, decreasing the vagal cardiac parasympathetic tone.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last1=Kozlowska |first1=Kasia |last2=Walker |first2=Peter |last3=McLean |first3=Loyola |last4=Carrive |first4=Pascal |date=2015 |title=Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management |journal=[[Harvard Review of Psychiatry]] |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=263β287 |doi=10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065 |issn=1067-3229 |pmc=4495877 |pmid=26062169}}</ref> After the fight or flight response, the parasympathetic system's main function is to activate the "rest and digest" response and return the body to [[homeostasis]]. This system utilizes and activates the release of the neurotransmitter [[acetylcholine]].<ref name="Autonomic Nervous System - Chudler">{{cite web |last=Chudler |first=Eric |title=Neuroscience For Kids |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/auto.html |access-date=19 April 2013 |publisher=University of Washington}}</ref>
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