Editing First Chief Directorate (section)

==Active measures and assassinations==
"[[Active measures]]" ({{langx|ru|Активные мероприятия}}) were a form of political warfare conducted by the Soviet security services to influence the course of world events, "in addition to collecting intelligence and producing politically correct assessment of it".<ref name="Mitrokhin">Mitrokhin, Vasili, Christopher Andrew (2000). The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West. Gardners Books. {{ISBN|0-14-028487-7}}.</ref> Active measures ranged "from media manipulations to ''special actions'' involving various degree of violence". They included [[disinformation]], [[propaganda]], and [[forgery]] of official documents.<ref name="Mitrokhin"/> The preparation of forged "CIA" documents which were then shown to third-world leaders was often successful in sowing suspicion.<ref name=WGOWChapter24>{{cite book|title=The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World|year=2005|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=9780465003112|author=[[Christopher Andrew (historian)|Christopher Andrew]] and [[Vasili Mitrokhin]]|type=hardcover|chapter=24 "The Cold War Comes to Africa}}</ref>

Active measures included the establishment and support of international [[front organizations]] (e.g., the [[World Peace Council]]); foreign communist, socialist and opposition parties; [[wars of national liberation]] in the [[Third World]]; and underground, revolutionary, [[insurgency]], criminal, and [[terrorism|terrorist]] groups.<ref name="Mitrokhin"/> The intelligence agencies of [[Eastern Bloc]] and other communist states also contributed to the program, providing operatives and intelligence for assassinations and other types of covert operations.<ref name="Mitrokhin"/>

The '''Thirteenth Department''' was responsible for [[Direct action (military)|direct action]], including [[assassination]] and [[sabotage]]; at one time it was led by [[Viktor Vladimirov (intelligence_officer)|Viktor Vladimirov]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol19no3/html/v19i3a01p_0001.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327044025/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol19no3/html/v19i3a01p_0001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |title=Soviet use of Assassination and Kidnapping|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=February 1964|website=CIA.gov|publisher=[[CIA]]|access-date= 12 February 2015}}</ref> They were used both abroad and domestically. Occasionally, KGB assassinated the enemies of the USSR abroad—principally [[Soviet Bloc]] defectors, either directly or by aiding Communist country secret services. For instance: the killings of [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] members [[Lev Rebet]] and [[Stepan Bandera]] by [[Bohdan Stashynsky]] in Munich in 1957 and 1959, as well as the unrelated slayings of emigre dissidents like [[Abdurahman Fatalibeyli]], and the surreptitious [[ricin]] poisoning of the Bulgarian émigré [[Georgi Markov]], shot with an umbrella-gun of KGB design, in 1978. The defection of assassins like [[Nikolai Khokhlov]] and [[Bohdan Stashynsky]] severely curtailed such activities however, and the KGB largely stopped assassinations abroad after Stashynsky's defection, although they continued assisting the Eastern European sister services in doing so.<ref name="Mitrokhin"/>

===First Chief Directorate organization===
[[Image:First Chief Directorate organization.gif|thumb|FCD in 1989]]

===KGB residents in the United States===
;Washington, DC
* [[Vasily Zarubin]] (alias Zubilin): 1942–1944
* [[Grigori Dolbin]]: 1946–1948 no refs
* Georgi Sokolov: 1948–1949 no refs
* [[Alexander Panyushkin]] (also Soviet ambassador): 1949–1950
* [[Nikolai Vladykin]]: 1950–1954 no refs
* [[Alexander Feklisov]] (alias Fomin): 1960–1964
* [[Pavel Lukyanov]]: 1964–1965
* [[Boris Aleksandrovich Solomatin]]: 1966–1968
* [[Mikhail Polonik]]: 1968–1975
* [[Dmitri Yakushkin]]: 1975–1982
* {{ill|Stanislav Androsov|ru|Андросов, Станислав Андреевич}}: 1982–1986
* [[Yuri Shvets|Yuri B. Shvets]]: 1985–1987
* [[Ivan Gromakov]]: 1987