Editing Floppy disk drive interface (section)

== Signal and control interface ==
3.5-inch and 5.25-inch drives connect to the [[Floppy-disk controller|floppy controller]] using a 34-conductor flat ribbon cable for signal and control. Most controllers support two floppy drives, although the Shugart standard supports up to four drives attached to a single controller. A cable could have 5.25-inch style connectors, 3.5-inch style connectors, or a combination. After IBM introduced the "twist" to floppy cables, and when both 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch drives were in common use, many cables had four connectors: one of each type before the twist, and one of each type after the twist. These cables still only supported two drives, one before and one after the twist, but they allowed using one cable for any combination of drives with differing connectors. This type of cable is called a universal cable.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Larry |date=June 13, 2015 |title=Floppy Drive Pinout, Signal names, Pin out Description and Cable twist wiring |url=http://www.interfacebus.com/PC_Floppy_Drive_PinOut.html |access-date=January 29, 2019 |website=www.interfacebus.com}}</ref>

When multiple floppy disks are connected, many pins are shared, including the read and write data pins. As a result, early floppy drives required jumpers to be set on the drive to tell it which controller commands it should receive. When introducing the PC, IBM sliced the cable between the first and second drive, and twisted seven of the conductors, effectively flipping the four conductors which specifically addressed the first or second drive. (The remaining three were ground only, so were not affected by the twist.) As a result, all drives could have their jumpers set to be drive "B", but if they were connected after the twist, they would appear to the controller as drive "A". This eliminated the need to change selection jumpers in the drive, and eventually many floppy drives were manufactured without jumpers at all, instead being hardwired as drive "B". As the IBM PC created a market for clones and compatibles, many manufacturers adopted the same cable twist system, although jumpers may still be required on systems that are older, or not based on the IBM PC.<ref name="Farquhar_2021"/>

The drive that is at furthest end of the cable additionally would have a [[terminating resistor]] installed to maintain signal quality.<ref>Scott Mueller, ''Upgrading and Repairing PCs, Second Edition'', Que, 1992, {{ISBN|0-88022-856-3}},page 487</ref>

The following explanation of pinout is for reference only.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:1; display:inline-table"
|+Floppy drive connector pinout (host controller as a reference)
!Pin number
!Abbreviation
!Description
!Notes
!Type
|-
|2
|DENSEL
|Density Select 1=Low/'''0=High'''
|The default use is '''0'''
|Output
|-
|4
|RSVD
|Reserved
|No connection or connect to the ground
|
|-
|6
|RSVD
|Reserved
|No connection or connect to the ground
|
|-
|8
|INDEX#
|Index
|0=Index
|Input
|-
|10
|MOTEA#
|Motor A Enable
|0=Motor Enable Drive 0
|Output
|-
|12
|DRVSB
|Drive Select B
|
|Output
|-
|14
|DRVSA
|Drive Select A
|
|Output
|-
|16
|MOTEB#
|Motor B Enable 
|0=Motor  Enable Drive 1
|Output
|-
|18
|DIR#
|Direction Select
|'''Low   Current/Direction''' in '''uPD765''' controller
|Output
|-
|20
|STEP#
|Head Step
|'''Fault   Reset/Step''' in '''uPD765''' controller
|Output
|-
|22
|WDATA
|Write Data
|
|Output
|-
|24
|WGATE#
|Floppy Write Enable
|0=Write Gate
|Output
|-
|26
|TRK0#
|Track 0
|'''Fault/Track  0''' in '''uPD765''' controller
|Input
|-
|28
|WPT#
|Write Protect
|0=Write Protect
|Input
|-
|30
|RDATA
|Read Data
|
|Input
|-
|32
|HDSEL#/SIDE
|Head Select / Side select
|Two uses, see application or use for details.{{huh|date=January 2025}} (Side select:1=Side 0/0=Side 1)
|Output
|-
|34
|DSKCHG#
|Disk Change
|1=Disk Change/0=Ready
|Input
|-
|3
|RSVD
|Reserved
|No connection or connect to the ground
|
|-
|5
|N/C
|No connection
|Pins usually do not exist here to prevent the male plug from being inserted in the opposite direction
|
|-
|Odd pins 1 thru 33
|GND
|Ground
|Except for the 3rd and 5th pins
|Power
|}


"#" indicates that the low electric level is effective (aka "active low").

Motor A,B is also known as Motor 0,1.

Since floppy disks are rarely used nowadays, "MOTEB#" and "DRVSB" pins are not connected in motherboards designed with floppy disk data interfaces, and only one floppy disk drive can be connected.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:1; display:inline-table"
|+Floppy drive A/B twist pinout
!Wire
!Controller
!Drive A
!Drive B
!Description
|-
|1-9
|1-9
|1-9
|1-9
|No Change
|-
|10
|10
|16
|10
|Motor Enable Drive 0/1
|-
|11
|11
|15
|11
|Ground, No Change
|-
|12
|12
|14
|12
|Drive Select 0/1
|-
|13
|13
|13
|13
|Ground, No Change
|-
|14
|14
|12
|14
|Drive Select 0/1
|-
|15
|15
|11
|15
|Ground, No Change
|-
|16
|16
|10
|16
|Motor Enable Drive 0/1
|-
|17-34
|17-34
|17-34
|17-34
|No Change
|}