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Flow network
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=== Adding arcs and flows === {{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}} We do not use multiple arcs within a network because we can combine those arcs into a single arc. To combine two arcs into a single arc, we add their capacities and their flow values, and assign those to the new arc: *Given any two nodes {{mvar|u}} and {{mvar|v}}, having two arcs from {{mvar|u}} to {{mvar|v}} with capacities {{math|''c''<sub>1</sub>(''u,v'')}} and {{math|''c''<sub>2</sub>(''u,v'')}} respectively is equivalent to considering only a single arc from {{mvar|u}} to {{mvar|v}} with a capacity equal to {{math|''c''<sub>1</sub>(''u,v'')+''c''<sub>2</sub>(''u,v'')}}. *Given any two nodes {{mvar|u}} and {{mvar|v}}, having two arcs from {{mvar|u}} to {{mvar|v}} with pseudo-flows {{math|''f''<sub>1</sub>(''u,v'')}} and {{mvar|''f''<sub>2</sub>(''u,v'')}} respectively is equivalent to considering only a single arc from {{mvar|u}} to {{mvar|v}} with a pseudo-flow equal to {{math|''f''<sub>1</sub>(''u,v'')+''f''<sub>2</sub>(''u,v'')}}. Along with the other constraints, the skew symmetry constraint must be remembered during this step to maintain the direction of the original pseudo-flow arc. Adding flow to an arc is the same as adding an arc with the capacity of zero.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
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