Editing Forced assimilation (section)

=== Europe ===
==== Azerbaijan ====
{{main|Forced assimilation in Azerbaijan}}

Ethnic minorities in [[Azerbaijan]], including [[Talysh people|Talyshis]] (see [[Talysh assimilation]]), [[Lezgins in Azerbaijan|Lezghins]], [[Kurds in Azerbaijan|Kurds]], [[Tat people (Caucasus)|Tats]] and [[Ingiloy people|Georgian-Ingilois]], are subjected to forced assimilation into [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani Turkic identity]] and ethnic discrimination by the Azerbaijani government since the Soviet era.<ref>{{cite web |title=UNPO: Talysh |url=https://unpo.org/members/17338 |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=unpo.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UNPO: Lezghin |url=https://unpo.org/members/15284 |website=unpo.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Goff, Krista A. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/abs/nested-nationalism-making-and-unmaking-nations-in-the-soviet-caucasus-by-krista-a-goff-ithaca-new-york-cornell-university-press-2021-336-pp-4995-hardcover-isbn-9781501753275-3299-ebook-isbn-9781501753299/1E6B52CA25F7F6B18E1762880D66B35B |title=Nested Nationalism: Making and Unmaking Nations in the Soviet Caucasus |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=2021 |isbn=9781501753299 |place=[[Ithaca, New York]] |pages=132–179 |ref=Goff}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Angelova, Milena |year=2022 |title=Ethnography, Demography and Assimilation – How Talysh Community was Made to Disappear in Soviet Azerbaijan |url=https://www.academia.edu/91430327 |journal=Balkanistic Forum |language=bg |pages=162–166 |number=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Talysh (or the Talishi) |url=http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/talysh.shtml |website=www.eki.ee |publisher=[[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]] |quote=During recent decades, Talysh were put under considerable pressure by the administration of the Azerbaijan SSR, whose aim it was to unite all minorities in the republic into one unified Azerbaijani people. This policy was relatively easy to act on with peoples of the Islamic faith, as they were simply proclaimed to be an ethnic group of the Azerbaijani people. This is borne out by the census policy which simply left several minorities of different languages unregistered. Therefore, the 1959 and following censuses do not mention the Talysh.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Tats |url=http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/tats.shtml |website=www.eki.ee |publisher=[[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]] |quote=The assimilation of the Tats by the Azerbaijani has been an on-going process for centuries. It is greatly assisted by the common Islamic religion. The process was accelerated in recent years, however, when the covert but purposeful assimilation of all minorities living on the territory of the republic became the aim and policy of the Azerbaijani SSR. This is illustrated, for example, by the constant stressing of a common history and closeness of culture (even in academic publications).}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kurds |url=http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/kurds.shtml |website=www.eki.ee |publisher=[[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]] |quote=Kurdish identity is most endangered in Azerbaijan. In recent decades the Azerbaijani authorities have been attempting to assimilate all ethnic minorities. In the absence of religious differences they have succeeded. The Kurdish language is not officially used and during censuses the Kurds have been recorded as Azerbaijanis.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 2018 |title=World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Azerbaijan : Lezgins |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/49749d5a2d.html |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=refworld.org |publisher=[[Minority Rights Group International]] |quote=In general, Lezgins enjoyed better rights in Dagestan under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation than in Azerbaijan itself, where they have been subjected to assimilation policies. This could in part explain the variance in official statistics and unofficial estimates in the numbers of Lezgins in Azerbaijan.<br>[…]<br>Lezgins traditionally suffered from unemployment and a shortage of land. Resentments were fuelled in 1992 by the resettlement of 105,000 Azeri refugees from the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict on Lezgin lands and by the forced conscription of Lezgins to fight in the conflict. This contributed to an increase in tensions between the Lezgin community and the Azeri government over issues of land, employment, language and the absence of internal autonomy…}}</ref>

==== France ====
{{main|Vergonha}}

[[France]] practiced forced assimilation of [[Occitans]] and other [[Languages of France|ethnic minorities]] whose native language was not [[French language|French]], such as [[Alsatians (people)|Alsatians]], [[French Basque Country|Basques]] and [[Northern Catalonia|Catalans]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joubert |first=Aurélie |date=2010 |title=A Comparative Study of the Evolution of Prestige Formations and of Speakers' Attitudes in Occitan and Catalan |url=https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/54504513/FULL_TEXT.PDF |website=www.research.manchester.ac.uk}}</ref> This process extended during the 19th and 20th centuries and was known as [[Vergonha]]. It included "being made to reject and feel ashamed of one's (or one's parents') mother tongue through official exclusion, humiliation at school and rejection from the media" and was endorsed by French political leaders from [[Henri Grégoire]] onward.<ref name="French National Convention">{{cite web |last1=Grégoire |first1=Henri |date=1790 |title=Report on the necessity and means to annihilate the patois and to universalise the use of the French language |url=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Rapport_sur_la_n%C3%A9cessit%C3%A9_et_les_moyens_d%E2%80%99an%C3%A9antir_les_patois_et_d%E2%80%99universaliser_l%E2%80%99usage_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Wikisource |publisher=French National Convention |language=fr |location=Paris}}</ref> The number of [[Occitan language|Occitan]] speakers in France was reduced from 39% of the French population in 1860 to 7% in 1993.<ref>Louis de Baecker, ''Grammaire comparée des langues de la France'', 1860, p. 52: ''parlée dans le Midi de la France par quatorze millions d'habitants'' ("spoken in the South of France by fourteen million inhabitants"). [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5846989r.f61.pagination.langEN.hl] + [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5846989r.f63.langEN]</ref><ref>Stephen Barbour & Cathie Carmichael, ''Language and nationalism in Europe'', 2000, p. 62: Occitan is spoken in 31 ''départements'', but even the [[European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages|EBLUL]] (1993: 15–16) is wary of statistics: 'There are no official data on the number of speakers. Of some 12 to 13 million inhabitants in the area, it is estimated that 48 per cent understand Occitan, 28 per cent can speak it, about 9 per cent of the population use it on a daily basis, 13 per cent can read and 6 per cent can write the language.'</ref>

To this day, France has also continuously refused to ratify the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]], and native non-French languages in France continue to be denied official recognition, with [[Occitania|Occitans]], [[Basques]], [[Corsicans]], [[Catalan people|Catalans]], [[French Flanders|Flemings]], [[Bretons]], [[Alsace|Alsatians]], and [[Savoyard dialect|Savoyards]] still having no explicit legal right to conduct public affairs in their regional languages within their home lands.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Roger |first1=Geoffrey |date=2019 |title=The langues de France and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Keeping Ratification at Bay Through Disinformation: 2014–2015 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-95939-9_14 |journal=French Language Policies and the Revitalisation of Regional Languages in the 21st Century |pages=309–333 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-95939-9_14 |isbn=978-3-319-95938-2 |s2cid=158474654 |access-date=29 July 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==== Russia ====
As part of the ongoing [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] the Russian government forcibly relocated thousands of Ukrainian children to [[Russia]] and adopted them out to Russian families,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=How Moscow grabs Ukrainian kids and makes them Russians |url=https://apnews.com/article/ukrainian-children-russia-7493cb22c9086c6293c1ac7986d85ef6 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> a process that is in violation of the forced assimilation prohibition of the [[Genocide Convention]]. On March 17, 2023, the [[International Criminal Court]] issued arrest warrants for Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] and Russian Children's Rights Commissioner [[Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova]] for their roles in this alleged war crime.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |last2=Sauer |first2=Pjotr |date=2023-03-17 |title=ICC judges issue arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin over alleged war crimes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/17/vladimir-putin-arrest-warrant-ukraine-war-crimes |access-date=2023-03-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>