Editing Formant (section)

==Singer's formant==
{{Main|Squillo}}
Studies of the frequency spectrum of trained speakers and classical [[singing|singers]], especially male singers, indicate a clear formant around 3000&nbsp;Hz (between 2800 and 3400&nbsp;Hz) that is absent in speech or in the spectra of untrained speakers or singers. It is thought to be associated with one or more of the higher resonances of the vocal tract.<ref>Sundberg, J. (1974). "Articulatory interpretation of the 'singing formant'", ''Journal of the Acoustical Society of America'', 55, 838–844.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bele |first1=Irene Velsvik |title=The Speaker's Formant |journal=J. Voice |date=December 2006 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=555–578 |doi=10.1016/j.jvoice.2005.07.001 |pmid=16325374 |access-date=}}</ref> It is this increase in energy at 3000&nbsp;Hz which allows singers to be heard and understood over an [[orchestra]]. This formant is actively developed through [[vocal pedagogy|vocal training]], for instance through so-called ''[[voce di strega]]'' or "witch's voice"<ref name="FrisellBrandenBooks">{{cite book |author=Frisell, Anthony |title=Baritone Voice |publisher=Branden Books |location=Boston |year=2007 |pages=84 |isbn=978-0-8283-2181-5 }}</ref> exercises and is caused by a part of the vocal tract acting as a [[Helmholtz resonator|resonator]].<ref name="Sundberg">{{cite book |author=Sundberg, Johan |title=The science of the singing voice |publisher=[[Northern Illinois University Press]] |location=DeKalb, Ill |year=1987 |isbn=0-87580-542-6 }}</ref> In classical music and vocal pedagogy, this phenomenon is also known as ''[[squillo]]''.