Editing Formula One (section)

===Manufacturers' decline and return of the privateers===
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| image1            = Pedro de la Rosa 2012 Malaysia FP2.jpg
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| caption3          = The three teams that debuted in 2010 all disappeared within seven years of their debuts. From top: ''2012 HRT'' (originally [[Hispania Racing]]); ''2014 Caterham'' (originally [[Team Lotus (2010–2011)|Team Lotus]]); ''2016 Manor'' (originally [[Virgin Racing]]).}}
In 2008 and 2009, [[Honda in Formula One|Honda]], [[BMW in Formula One|BMW]], and [[Toyota in Formula One|Toyota]] all withdrew from Formula One racing within a year, blaming the [[Great Recession|economic recession]]. This resulted in the end of manufacturer dominance of the sport. The Honda F1 team went through a management buyout to become [[Brawn GP]], with [[Ross Brawn]] and [[Nick Fry]] running and owning the majority of the organisation. Brawn GP laid off hundreds of employees, but won the year's world championships. BMW F1 was bought out by the original founder of the team, [[Peter Sauber]]. The [[Lotus F1 Team]]<ref>This is not the same team as the [[Team Lotus|1954–1994]] nor [[Team Lotus (2010–2011)|2010–2011]] iterations.</ref> was another, formerly manufacturer-owned team that reverted to "privateer" ownership, together with the buy-out of the [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] team by [[Genii Capital]] investors. But a link with its previous owners still survived, with its car continuing to be powered by a Renault engine until 2014.

McLaren also announced that it was to reacquire the shares in its team from Mercedes-Benz (McLaren's partnership with Mercedes was reported to have started to sour with the [[McLaren Mercedes SLR]] road car project and tough F1 championships, which included McLaren being found guilty of [[2007 Formula One espionage controversy|spying on Ferrari]]). Hence, during the 2010 season, Mercedes-Benz re-entered the sport as a manufacturer after it purchased Brawn GP and split with McLaren after 15 seasons with the team.

During the {{F1|2009}} season, Formula One was gripped by the [[FIA–FOTA dispute]]. FIA President Max Mosley proposed numerous cost-cutting measures for the next season, including an optional budget cap for the teams;<ref name=budgetcap>{{cite news| title = £40&nbsp;million budget cap and 13 teams for 2010| website=Formula1.com| date = 30 April 2009| url = http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2009/4/9290.html| access-date = 21 March 2010| archive-date = 18 February 2010| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100218045714/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2009/4/9290.html| url-status = live}}</ref> teams electing to take the budget cap would be granted greater technical freedom, adjustable front and rear wings, and an engine not subject to a [[rev limiter]].<ref name=budgetcap/> The [[Formula One Teams Association]] (FOTA) believed that allowing some teams to have such technical freedom would have created a 'two-tier' championship, and thus requested urgent talks with the FIA. But talks broke down and FOTA teams announced, with the exception of Williams and [[Force India]],<ref name="compromise">{{cite news |title=Mosley offers compromise on 2010 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8107436.stm |work=BBC News |date=18 June 2009 |access-date=21 March 2010 |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317125821/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8107436.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="timeline">{{cite news |first=Gemma |last=Briggs |title=How the Formula One crisis unfolded |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jun/19/formula-one-crisis-timeline |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=24 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605180441/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jun/19/formula-one-crisis-timeline |url-status=live }}</ref> that 'they had no choice' but to form a [[Grand Prix World Championship|breakaway championship series]].<ref name="timeline" />

[[File:Bernie Ecclestone 2012 Bahrain.jpg|thumb|[[Bernie Ecclestone]], the former Chief executive of the Formula One Group]]
On 24 June, Formula One's governing body and the teams reached an agreement to prevent a breakaway series. It was agreed teams must cut spending to the level of the early 1990s within two years; exact figures were not specified, and Max Mosley agreed he would not stand for reelection to the FIA presidency in October.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8116756.stm |title=F1 deal ends threat of breakaway |work=BBC News |date=24 June 2009 |access-date=21 March 2010 |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016235200/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8116756.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Following further disagreements, after Mosley suggested he would stand for reelection,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/f1news/5642225/Max-Mosley-makes-dramatic-U-turn-over-his-future-as-FIA-president.html |title=Max Mosley makes dramatic U-turn over his future as FIA president |last=Cary |first=Tom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614013133/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/f1news/5642225/Max-Mosley-makes-dramatic-U-turn-over-his-future-as-FIA-president.html |archive-date=14 June 2018 |website=The Telegraph |date=26 June 2009}}</ref> FOTA made it clear that breakaway plans were still being pursued. On 8&nbsp;July, FOTA issued a press release stating it had been informed it was not entered for the 2010 season,<ref name="FOTA Press Release">{{cite web|url=http://www.teamsassociation.org/press-release/2009-07-08/press-release |title=Press release |publisher=Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) |date=8 July 2009 |access-date=8 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711161729/http://www.teamsassociation.org/press-release/2009-07-08/press-release |archive-date=11 July 2009 }}</ref> and an FIA press release said the FOTA representatives had walked out of the meeting.<ref name="FIA Press Release">{{cite web|url=http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/f1releases/2009/Pages/2010_fia_fota.aspx |title=Press Release |publisher=FIA |date=8 July 2009 |access-date=8 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710120028/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/f1releases/2009/Pages/2010_fia_fota.aspx |archive-date=10 July 2009 }}</ref> On 1&nbsp;August, it was announced FIA and FOTA had signed a new Concorde Agreement, bringing an end to the crisis and securing the sport's future until 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Concorde Agreement finally signed |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/77481 |last=Beer |first=Matt |date=1 August 2009 |access-date=1 August 2009 |archive-date=21 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621065909/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/77481 |url-status=live }}</ref>

To compensate for the loss of manufacturer teams, four new teams were accepted entry into the 2010 season ahead of a much anticipated 'cost-cap'. Entrants included a reborn [[Team Lotus (2010–2011)|Team Lotus]]—led by a Malaysian consortium including [[Tony Fernandes]], the boss of [[Air Asia]]; [[HRT Formula 1 Team|Hispania Racing]]—the first Spanish Formula One team; and [[Virgin Racing]]—[[Richard Branson]]'s entry into the series following a successful partnership with Brawn the year before. They were also joined by the [[US F1 Team]], which planned to run out of the United States as the only non-European-based team in the sport. Financial issues befell the squad before they even made the grid. Despite the entry of these new teams, the proposed cost-cap was repealed and these teams—which did not have the budgets of the midfield and top-order teams—ran around at the back of the field until they collapsed; HRT in 2012, Caterham (formerly Lotus) in 2014 and Manor (formerly Virgin, then Marussia), having survived falling into administration in 2014, at the end of 2016.