Editing Formula One car (section)

=== Steering and transmission ===
[[File:Toyota steering wheel 1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|A typical electronic steering wheel used in a F1 car.]]

A typical steering wheel used in a F1 car is an electronic control with an array of knobs, buttons and levers. It is made of carbon fibre with titanium, [[silicon]], [[fibreglass]], and [[copper]] parts. It has two driver handles on the sides with a [[LCD display]] in the center, [[LED]] gear shift lights at the top and gear shift paddles in the back. The steering wheel is used to control various functions of the car such as gears, engine revolutions, fuel&ndash;air mix, brake balance, differential mapping, among others. The display displays various data points including engine parameters, gears, temperature and time. The steering wheel is also used to access the [[radio]] and control the drinking mechanism.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/news/how-does-an-f1-steering-wheel-work|title=How Does an F1 Steering Wheel Work?|work=[[Mercedes F1]]|access-date=28 October 2024|archive-date=23 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823212435/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/news/how-does-an-f1-steering-wheel-work|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/accelerator/40976/how-does-an-f1-steering-wheel-work|title=How Does an F1 Steering Wheel Work?|work=The Drive|date=17 June 2021 |access-date=28 October 2024|archive-date=19 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919232605/https://www.thedrive.com/accelerator/40976/how-does-an-f1-steering-wheel-work|url-status=live}}</ref> It weighs about {{cvt|1.3|kg}} and can cost about $50,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jalopnik.com/5785331/the-70000-steering-wheels-of-formula-1|title=The $50,000 steering wheels of Formula 1|work=Jalopnik|date=25 March 2011|access-date=28 October 2012|archive-date=15 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215103537/http://jalopnik.com/5785331/the-70000-steering-wheels-of-formula-1|url-status=live }}</ref> 

[[File:F1 Gearbox.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|The gearbox and rear suspension from a [[Lotus T127]] in [[2010 Formula One season|2010 season]].]]

While conventional [[manual gearbox]]es were used earlier,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.f1rejects.com/teams/forti/profile.html|title=Forti-Corse – full profile|work=F1rejects|access-date=29 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071010053720/http://www.f1rejects.com/teams/forti/profile.html|archive-date=10 October 2007 }}</ref> modern Formula One cars use [[semi-automatic transmission|semi-automatic]] [[sequential manual transmission|sequential]] [[gearbox]]es with a [[rear-wheel-drive]]. It has eight forward gears and a reverse gear operated with paddle-shifters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Future vision: Engineers discuss 2014 changes|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2013/8/14875.html|access-date=20 October 2014|url-status=dead|work=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006170808/http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2013/8/14875.html|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statsf1.com/reglement/technique.pdf|title=F1 2025 Technical Regulations|work=Formula 1|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> The gearbox is constructed of carbon reinforced titanium, and is bolted onto the back of the engine.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/5280.html|title=Understanding the Sport – Engine/Gearbox|work=Formula 1|access-date=24 August 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222043956/http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1/understanding_the_sport/5280.html|archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref> [[automatic transmission|Fully-automatic gearboxes]], and systems such as [[Launch control (automotive)|launch control]] and [[traction control]] were banned in the 2000s to keep driver skill and involvement important in controlling the car, and reduce costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandprix.com//news/traction-control-returns-but-its-not-quite-as-simple-as-that.html|title=Traction control returns; but it's not quite as simple as that|work=Grandprix.com|access-date=4 December 2020|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027092747/https://www.grandprix.com//news/traction-control-returns-but-its-not-quite-as-simple-as-that.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1816116#:~:text=The%20last%20piece%20of%20tech,cars%20of%20the%20late%20'80s.|title = What Has F1 Ever Done for Us?|work=[[Bleacher Report]]|access-date = 5 December 2020|archive-date = 28 April 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220428185837/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1816116#:~:text=The%20last%20piece%20of%20tech,cars%20of%20the%20late%20'80s.|url-status = live}}</ref> When the driver initiates gear shifts using paddles mounted on the back of the steering wheel, a system of [[Solenoid|solenoids]], [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] [[actuator]]s, and [[sensor]]s perform the actual shift, and [[electronic throttle control]]. [[Clutch control]] is also performed in the same manner except when launching from neutral into first gear, where the driver operates the clutch manually using a lever on the back of the steering wheel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f1technical.net/articles/66|title=F1 Transmission|date=3 October 2003|work=F1technical.net|access-date=25 August 2010|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119125753/https://www.f1technical.net/articles/66|url-status=live}}</ref> The clutch is a multi-plate carbon design with a diameter of less than {{cvt|100|mm|in}}, and weight of less than {{cvt|1|kg}}, capable of handling up to {{cvt|720|hp|kW|disp=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f1technical.net/articles/4|title=F1 Engines|date=18 July 2009|work=F1technical.net|access-date=25 August 2010|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109180232/https://www.f1technical.net/articles/4|url-status=live}}</ref> The cars use seamless shift [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission]]s, which allow almost instantaneous changing of gears with minimum loss of drive and a [[shift time]]s of 2&ndash;3 [[millisecond|ms]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1-dictionary.net/seamless_gearbox.html|title=Seamless Gearbox|work=Formula1-dictionary|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=18 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518150350/https://www.formula1-dictionary.net/seamless_gearbox.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As a measure to reduce costs, gearbox ratios are fixed for a season and a team is allowed a maximum of four gearboxes per season.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2008/2/7380.html|title=Managing change: what's new for 2008 – Part Two|quote=Sporting Regulations, Article 28.6|work=Formula 1|date=21 February 2008|access-date=4 May 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090420054834/http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2008/2/7380.html|archive-date=20 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-beginners-guide-to-formula-1-engine-and-gearbox-penalties.2TSy7BFgEvdNLojGLWS3F1|title=The beginner's guide to Formula 1 engine and gearbox penalties|date=10 February 2023|access-date=1 June 2024|work=Formula 1|archive-date=29 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529085511/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-beginners-guide-to-formula-1-engine-and-gearbox-penalties.2TSy7BFgEvdNLojGLWS3F1|url-status=live}}</ref>