Editing Frequentative (section)

==Latin==
In [[Latin language|Latin]], frequentative verbs indicate repeated or intense action.<ref>B. L. Gildersleeve and Gonzalez Lodge (1895), ''Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar'', §191 A.</ref> They are usually formed from the [[supine]] stem with ''-āre'' added.
*cantāre, ‘(continue to) sing’ (< canere, ‘sing a song’). (This frequentative form was used often enough that it displaced and drove the basal form into extinction in modern Romance languages.)
*cursāre ‘run around’ (< currere, ‘run’)
*dictāre ‘dictate’ (< dīcere, ‘speak, say’)
*dormītāre 'be drowsy, fall asleep' (< dormīre, 'sleep')
*iactāre, ‘shake, disturb’ (< iacere, ‘throw, cast’)
*pulsāre, ‘beat’ (< pellere, ‘push’)
*saltāre, 'dance, jump' (< salīre, 'leap')
*spectāre, 'watch' (< specere, more usually aspicere, 'take a look at')
*versāre, ‘turn often, keep turning’ (< vertere, ‘turn’)

The following, exceptionally, is 3rd conjugation:
*vīsere, 'look at attentively, visit' (< vidēre, 'see')

Occasionally, however, they are formed not from the supine but from the present stem with ''-itāre''.
*agitāre, ‘put into motion’ (< agere, ‘do, drive’)
*clāmitāre, 'keep shouting' (< clāmāre, 'shout')
*habitāre, 'reside, dwell (somewhere)' (< habēre, 'have', in pre-classical times it also had a meaning of reside, dwell<ref>WEBER, CLIFFORD. "Three Notes on Habeo and Ac in the "Itinerarium Egeriae"." Illinois Classical Studies 10, no. 2 (1985): 285-94. Accessed March 6, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23062550.</ref> )
*minitārī, 'keep threatening' (< minārī, 'threaten')
*vocitāre, 'be wont to call' / 'keep calling' (< vocāre, 'call')

The following is irregular since the supine of ''nāre'' is ''nātum'' with a long ā:
*natāre, 'swim, float' (< nāre, 'swim, float')

A frequentative verb can be made doubly frequentative by adding -''itāre'' to a supine:
*cursitāre ‘run here and there’ (< currere, ‘run’)
*dictitāre ‘say often or emphatically’ (< dīcere, ‘speak, say’)
*ventitāre, ‘come frequently or repeatedly’ (< venīre, ‘come’; see [[:s:la:Carmina (Catullus)/8|Catullus 8]], line 4)
*vīsitāre, 'visit' (< vidēre, 'see')

Some frequentative verbs have no simple form:
*gustāre, 'taste'
*hortārī, 'exhort'