Editing Fricative (section)

===IPA letters used for both fricatives and approximants===
* {{IPA|[χ]}} [[voiceless uvular fricative]]
* {{IPA|[ʁ]}} [[voiced uvular fricative]]
* {{IPA|[ħ]}} [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative]]
* {{IPA|[ʕ]}} [[voiced pharyngeal fricative]]

No language distinguishes fricatives from [[approximants]] at these places, so the same symbol is used for both. For the pharyngeal, approximants are more numerous than fricatives. A fricative realization may be specified by adding the [[raised (phonetics)|uptack]] to the letters, {{IPA|[χ̝, ʁ̝, ħ̝, ʕ̝]}}. Likewise, the [[lowered (phonetics)|downtack]] may be added to specify an approximant realization, {{IPA|[χ̞, ʁ̞, ħ̞, ʕ̞]}}.

(The [[bilabial approximant]] and [[dental approximant]] do not have dedicated symbols either and are transcribed in a similar fashion: {{IPA|[β̞, ð̞]}}. However, the base letters are understood to specifically refer to the fricatives.)