Editing Functional constipation (section)

== Research ==
A 2014 meta-analysis of three small trials evaluating [[Probiotic|probiotics]] showed a slight improvement in management of chronic idiopathic constipation, but well-designed studies are necessary to know the true efficacy of probiotics in treating this condition.<ref name="FordQuigley2014">{{cite journal|last1=Ford|first1=Alexander C|last2=Quigley|first2=Eamonn M M|last3=Lacy|first3=Brian E|last4=Lembo|first4=Anthony J|last5=Saito|first5=Yuri A|last6=Schiller|first6=Lawrence R|last7=Soffer|first7=Edy E|last8=Spiegel|first8=Brennan M R|last9=Moayyedi|first9=Paul|title=Efficacy of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=109|issue=10|year=2014|pages=1547–1561|issn=0002-9270|doi=10.1038/ajg.2014.202|pmid=25070051|s2cid=205100508 }}</ref>

Children with functional constipation often claim to lack the sensation of the urge to defecate, and may be conditioned to avoid doing so due to a previous painful experience.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fleisher|first=DR|title=Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of defecation in children|journal=[[Pediatric Annals]]|volume=5|issue=11|pages=71–101|date=November 1976|doi=10.3928/0090-4481-19761101-07 |pmid=980548|hdl=10355/5155 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>  One retrospective study showed that these children did indeed have the urge to defecate using [[anorectal manometry|colonic manometry]], and suggested behavioral modification as a treatment for functional constipation.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Firestone Baum|first=C|author2=John A |author3=Srinivasan K |author4=Harrison P |author5=Kolomensky A |author6=Monagas J |author7=Cocjin J |author8=Hyman PE |title=Colon manometry proves that perception of the urge to defecate is present in children with functional constipation who deny sensation|journal=[[Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition]]|volume=56|issue=1|pages=19–22|date=January 2013|pmid= 22922371 |doi=10.1097/MPG.0b013e31826f2740|s2cid=46075633|doi-access=free}}</ref>