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GABAA receptor
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=== Distribution === GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors are responsible for most of the physiological activities of GABA in the central nervous system, and the receptor subtypes vary significantly. Subunit composition can vary widely between regions and subtypes may be associated with specific functions. The minimal requirement to produce a GABA-gated ion channel is the inclusion of an α and a β subunit.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Connolly CN, Krishek BJ, McDonald BJ, Smart TG, Moss SJ | title = Assembly and cell surface expression of heteromeric and homomeric gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 1 | pages = 89–96 | date = January 1996 | pmid = 8550630 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.1.89 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The most common GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor is a pentamer comprising two α's, two β's, and a γ (α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>2</sub>γ). In neurons themselves, the type of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor subunits and their densities can vary between [[cell bodies]] and [[dendrites]].<ref name="pmid17626281">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lorenzo LE, Russier M, Barbe A, Fritschy JM, Bras H | title = Differential organization of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptors in the somatic and dendritic compartments of rat abducens motoneurons | journal = The Journal of Comparative Neurology | volume = 504 | issue = 2 | pages = 112–126 | date = September 2007 | pmid = 17626281 | doi = 10.1002/cne.21442 | s2cid = 26123520 }}</ref> Benzodiazepines and barbiturates amplify the inhibitory effects mediated by the GABAA receptor.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Macdonald RL, Kelly KM |title=Antiepileptic drug mechanisms of action |journal=Epilepsia |volume=36 |issue= Suppl 2|pages=S2–12 |date=1995 |pmid=8784210 |doi=10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb05996.x |hdl=2027.42/66291 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors can also be found in other tissues, including [[leydig cells]], [[placenta]], [[immune cells]], [[liver]], [[Epiphyseal plate|bone growth plates]] and several other [[Endocrine system|endocrine tissues]]. Subunit expression varies between 'normal' tissue and [[malignancies]], as GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors can influence [[cell proliferation]].<ref>{{cite thesis |first=A.L. ten |last=Hoeve |title=GABA receptors and the immune system |date=2012 |type= |hdl=20.500.12932/10140 |publisher=Utrecht University |url=https://studenttheses.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/20.500.12932/10140/GABA%20receptors%20and%20the%20immune%20system-012012.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+Distribution of Receptor Types<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mortensen M, Patel B, Smart TG | title = GABA Potency at GABA(A) Receptors Found in Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Zones | journal = Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience | volume = 6 | pages = 1 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 22319471 | pmc = 3262152 | doi = 10.3389/fncel.2012.00001 | doi-access = free }}</ref> !Isoform !Synaptic/Extrasynaptic !Anatomical location |- |α1β3γ2S |Both |Widespread |- |α2β3γ2S |Both |Widespread |- |α3β3γ2S |Both |[[Thalamic reticular nucleus|Reticular thalamic nucleus]] |- |α4β3γ2S |Both |Thalamic relay cells |- |α5β3γ2S |Both |Hippocampal pyramidal cells |- |α6β3γ2S |Both |Cerebellar granule cells |- |α1β2γ2S |Both |Widespread, most abundant |- |α4β3δ |Extrasynaptic |Thalamic relay cells |- |α6β3δ |Extrasynaptic |Cerebellar granule cells |- |α1β2 |Extrasynaptic |Widespread |- |α1β3 |Extrasynaptic |Thalamus, hypothalamus |- |α1β2δ |Extrasynaptic |Hippocampus |- |α4β2δ |Extrasynaptic |Hippocampus, Prefrontal cortex |- |α3β3θ |Extrasynaptic |Hypothalamus |- |α3β3ε |Extrasynaptic |Hypothalamus |}
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