Editing Galatian language (section)

==Vocabulary==
Of the language only a few glosses and brief comments in classical writers and scattered names on inscriptions survive. Altogether they add up to about 120 words, including place and personal names. Scattered vocabulary terms mentioned by Greek authors include ἀδάρκα (''adarka''), a type of plant; αδες (''ades''), "feet"; βαρδοί (''bardoi''), "singing poets, bards"; μάρκα (''marka''), "horse" and τριμαρκισία (''[[Trimarcisia|trimarkisia]]''), "three-horse battle group".{{sfn|Freeman|2001|pp=15–18}}{{sfn|Delamarre|2003}}

===Common nouns===
Only three common nouns are certainly attested, and only two of them of Celtic origin. All are attested in Greek sources and are declined as if Greek.{{sfn|Eska|2006|p=788}}
*{{lang|xga|τασκός}}, {{transliteration|xga|taskos}}, "[[Eurasian badger|badger]]" (cf. [[Moritasgus|Mori'''tasgus''']])
*{{lang|xga|δρουγγός}}, {{transliteration|xga|droungos}}, "snout, nose"
*{{lang|xga|ὗς}}, {{transliteration|xga|hus}}, "[[kermes oak]]"

Both {{transliteration|xga|taskos}} and {{transliteration|xga|droungos}} are given by [[Epiphanius of Salamis]] in his {{transliteration|grc|[[Panarion]]}} in an effort to elucidate the name of the gnostic sect of the [[Tascodrugites]]. Although he has the correct meaning of {{transliteration|xga|droungos}}, he gives {{transliteration|xga|taskos}} as meaning "peg". It almost certainly means "badger".<ref>{{citation |author=Joshua T. Katz |title=Hittite ''tašku''- and the Indo-European Word for 'Badger' |journal=Historische Sprachforschung |volume=111 |issue=1 |year=1998 |pages=61–82 |jstor=41288957}}.</ref> The word {{transliteration|xga|hus}} is not of Celtic origin, but was borrowed into Galatian from another language.{{sfn|Eska|2006|p=788}}

===Personal names===

The attested Galatian personal names are similar to those found elsewhere in the ancient Celtic-speaking world. Many are compound names containing common Celtic roots such as ''*brog-'', "country, territory" (cf. [[Old Irish language|Old Irish]] ''mruig'', [[Welsh language|Welsh]] and [[Breton language|Breton]] ''bro''; cognate with [[Latin language|Latin]] ''margo'' and [[Gothic language|Gothic]] ''marka''), ''*epo-'', "horse" (Old Irish ''ech'', Welsh ''eb-'' [in ''ebol'' "pony" and the compound ''ebrwydd'' "swift"], Breton ''ebeul'', foal), ''*māro-'' (cf. Gaulish ''-māros'', Old Irish ''mór'', Welsh ''mawr'', Breton ''meur'') "great", and ''*rig(o)-'', "king" (cf. [[Gaulish]] ''-rīx/-reix'', Irish ''rí'', Welsh ''rhi''; cognate with Gothic ''-reiks'', Latin ''rēx''). Examples include:{{sfn|Freeman|2001|pp=23–64}}
* Ἀδιατόριξ (''Adiatorīx'')
* Βιτοριξ (''Bitorīx'')
* Βρογιμάρος (''Brogimāros'')
* Κάμμα (''Cāmmā'')
* Δομνείωυ (''Domneiū'')
* Ἐπόνη (''Eponī'')
* Ολοριξ (''Olorīx'')
* Σμερτομάρα (''Smertomārā'')
* Τεκτομάρος (''Tectomāros'')

Tribal names include ''Ambitouti'' (Old Irish ''imm-'', Welsh ''am'' "around"; Old Irish ''tuath'', Welsh ''tut'', "tribe"), Ριγόσαγες (''Rigosages'', "King-Seekers"; cf. Old Irish ''saigid'' "goes towards, seeks out", Welsh ''haeddu'', verbal suffix ''-ha-'' "seeking"), and Τεκτόσαγες (''Tectosages'', cf. the related [[Volcae Tectosages]] tribe of Gaul, "Travel-seekers"; Old Irish ''techt'', "going, proceeding", Welsh ''taith'', "journey, voyage").

===Divine names===
Attested divine names include βουσσουριγίος (''Bussurīgios'') and Σουωλιβρογηνός (''Suolibrogēnos''), both identified with the [[Ancient Greek religion|Greek]] king of the gods [[Zeus]], and Ούινδιεινος (''Uindieinos''),<ref>{{cite book |last=Maier |first=Bernhard |author-link=Bernhard Maier |title=Geschichte und Kultur der Kelten |year=2012 |place=C.H.Beck |page=268 |lang=DE }}</ref> perhaps the [[tutelary god]] of the [[Tolistobogii|Tolistobogian]] town Ούινδια (''Uindia'').<ref>Derks, Ton; Roymans, Nico. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fM_cmuhmSbIC&dq=%22uindia%22+galatian&pg=PA132 Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition]''. Amsterdam University Press, 2009. pp. 132=133. {{ISBN|9789089640789}}.</ref><ref>Klein, Jared; Wenthe, Mark. ''Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook''. Vol. 2. Walter de Gruyter, 2017. p. 1257. {{ISBN|9783110523874}}</ref>

===Place names===

Attested place names include ''Acitorīgiāco'' ("[Settlement of] ''Acitorīx''"; compare ''Acitodunum'' in Gaul), Άρτικνιακόν (''Articniācon'', "[Settlement of] ''Articnos''" ["Bear-son"]), Δρυνέμετον (''Drunemeton''; < [[Proto-Celtic]] ''*dru-'' "oak" and, by extension, "great"; cf. Old Irish ''druí'', Welsh ''dryw'' [< ''*dru-wid-s''], "druid, wise man" [literally "greatly wise"], Old Irish ''neimed'', Welsh ''nyfed'' "holy place, [sacred] grove"), the meeting place of the Galatian [[wikt:tetrarch|tetrarchs]] and judges, and Ούινδια (''Uindia'' "Fair/White/Holy Place"; Old Irish ''[[Fionn|finn]]'', Welsh ''[[Gwyn (name)|gwyn]]'' [masc.], ''[[Gwen (given name)|gwen]]'' [fem.] "fair, white; holy").<ref>Klein, Jared; Wenthe, Mark. ''Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook''. Vol. 2. Walter de Gruyter, 2017. p. 1257. {{ISBN|9783110523874}}</ref>