Editing General Motors (section)

=== Sales of assets ===
In August 1990, [[Robert Stempel]] became CEO of the company, succeeding [[Roger Smith (executive)|Roger Smith]].<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/04/business/gm-picks-its-next-chairman.html | title=G.M. Picks Its Next Chairman | first=Doron P. |last=Levin |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 4, 1990 |url-access=limited}}</ref> GM cut output significantly and suffered losses that year due to the [[early 1990s recession]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/30/business/gm-cuts-output-in-the-latest-sign-of-economic-slump.html | title=G.M. Cuts Output in the Latest Sign of Economic Slump | first=Doron P. | last=Levin |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 30, 1990 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 1990, GM debuted the [[General Motors EV1]] (Impact) concept, a [[battery electric vehicle]], at the [[LA Auto Show]]. It was the first car with zero emissions marketed in the US in over three decades. The Impact was produced as the [[EV1]] for the 1996 model year and was available only via lease from certain dealers in California and Arizona. In 1999–2002, GM ceased production of the vehicles and started to not renew the leases, disappointing many people, allegedly because the program would not be profitable and would [[Cannibalization (marketing)|cannibalize]] its existing business. All of the EV1s were eventually returned to General Motors, and except for around 40 which were donated to museums with their electric powertrains deactivated, all were destroyed. The documentary film ''[[Who Killed the Electric Car?]]'' covered the EV1 story.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.cbsnews.com/news/could-the-electric-car-save-us/ | title=Could the electric car save us? |work=CBS News | date=September 6, 2007 |archive-date=August 29, 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130829092212/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/09/06/sunday/main3239838.shtml | url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 1992, [[John F. Smith Jr.]] became CEO of the company.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/09/business/jack-and-john-2-for-the-road-at-gm.html | title=Jack and John: 2 for The Road At G.M. |first=Judith H. |last=Dobrzynski |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 9, 1995 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 1993, GM sold [[Lotus Cars]] to [[Bugatti]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/28/business/company-news-gm-sells-its-lotus-group-to-bugatti.html | title=Company News; G.M. Sells its Lotus Group to Bugatti |agency=Bloomberg News |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 28, 1993 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 1996, in a return to its automotive basics, GM completed the [[corporate spin-off]] of [[Electronic Data Systems]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/08/business/worldbusiness/IHT-gm-will-sell-eds-to-return-to-auto-basics.html | title=GM Will Sell EDS to Return To Auto Basics | first=Lawrence | last=Malkin |newspaper=The New York Times | date=August 8, 1995 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-04-02-fi-54010-story.html | title=GM Board OKs Divestiture of Electronic Data Systems Unit | first=Donald W. |last=Nauss |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 2, 1996 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 1997, GM sold the military businesses of [[Hughes Aircraft Company]] to [[Raytheon Company]] for $9.5 billion in stock and the assumption of debt.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/17/business/gm-to-sell-a-hughes-unit-to-raytheon.html |title=G.M. to Sell A Hughes Unit To Raytheon |first=James |last=Sterngold |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 17, 1997 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1997/01/17/raytheon-to-buy-hughes-from-gm-for-95-billion/bbfa92aa-06d0-49c1-9076-82984cbf521a/ |title=Raytheon to Buy Hughes from GM for $9.5 Billion | first=John |last=Mintz |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 17, 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB853446697700142000 |title=GM's Board Approves Sale Of Hughes Unit to Raytheon |first1=Steven |last1=Lipin |first2=Gabriella |last2=Stern |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 17, 1997 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://money.cnn.com/1997/01/16/deals/hughes/| title=Raytheon wins Hughes bid |work=CNN |date=January 16, 1997}}</ref>

In February 2000, [[Rick Wagoner]] was named CEO, succeeding Smith.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.upi.com/Archives/2000/02/02/General-Motors-names-Wagoner-CEO/6130949467600/ | title=General Motors names Wagoner CEO | work=United Press International | date=February 2, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2000/02/03/gm-appoints-wagoner-as-ceo/3232b4cc-5227-429a-8506-9868e09884af/ |title=GM Appoints Wagoner As CEO | first1=Frank | last1=Swoboda | first2=Warren |last2=Brown | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=February 3, 2000}}</ref> The next month, GM gave 5.1% of its common stock, worth $2.4 billion, to acquire a 20% share of [[Fiat S.p.A.|Fiat]].<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2000/03/14/gm-to-acquire-20-stake-in-fiat/95c5c9ae-7201-453c-b177-28178943ec3c/ | title=GM to Acquire 20% Stake in Fiat | first=Warren | last=Brown |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 14, 2000}}</ref>

In December 2000, GM announced that it would begin phasing out [[Oldsmobile]]. The brand was eventually discontinued in 2004, seven years after it had become the first American car brand to turn 100.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/06/automobiles/behind-the-wheel-2004-oldsmobile-alero-not-with-a-bang-but-a-whimper.html | title=BEHIND THE WHEEL/2004 Oldsmobile Alero; Not With a Bang but a Whimper | first=James | last=Cobb |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 6, 2004}}</ref>

{{Gallery
|title=
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|footer=
|File:Chevrolet Tahoe hybrid MLB All Star Game edition at 67 St NYC.jpg
 |alt1=
 |[[Chevrolet Tahoe]] [[hybrid vehicle]]
|File:Chevrolet Volt WAS 2017 1533.jpg
 |alt2=
 |[[Chevrolet Volt (second generation)|Second generation Chevrolet Volt]]
|File:DCA 06 2012 Chevy Volt 4035.JPG
 |alt3=
 |The [[Chevrolet Volt]]
|File:EV1 (6).jpg
 |alt4=
 |The [[General Motors EV1]], an [[electric car]], was introduced in California in 1996.
}}

In May 2004, GM delivered the first full-sized [[pickup truck]] [[hybrid vehicle]]s, the 1/2-ton [[Chevrolet Silverado]]/[[GMC Sierra]] trucks.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/wheels/cars/chevrolet/silverado-1500/ | title=2004 Chevy Silverado LS1500 4WD Extended-Cab Hybrid | last=Frank | first=Michael |work=Forbes | archive-date=February 28, 2018 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180228224829/https://www.forbes.com/2004/08/20/cx_mf_0823test.html#7f22900e6033 | url-status=live}}</ref> These [[mild hybrid]]s did not use electrical energy for propulsion, like GM's later designs. Later, the company debuted another hybrid technology, co-developed with [[Mercedes-Benz Group|DaimlerChrysler]] and [[BMW]], in diesel-electric hybrid powertrain manufactured by [[Allison Transmission]] for transit buses.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20080616/OEM01/306169955/gm-s-two-mode-hybrid-system-scores-with-transit-agencies | title=GM's Two Mode hybrid system scores with transit agencies | first=Jack | last=Herman |work=Automotive News | date=June 16, 2008 | url-access=subscription}}</ref> Continuing to target the diesel-hybrid market, the [[Opel Astra]] [[diesel engine]] [[hybrid vehicle|hybrid]] [[concept vehicle]] was rolled out in January 2005.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15131615/opel-astra-diesel-hybrid-concept-auto-shows/ | title=Opel Astra Diesel Hybrid Concept | first=Ron | last=King |work=Car and Driver |date=January 1, 2005}}</ref> Later that year, GM sold its [[Electro-Motive Diesel]] locomotive division to [[private equity firm]]s [[Berkshire Partners]] and Greenbriar Equity Group.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.joc.com/rail-intermodal/gm-sells-locomotive-manufacturer_20050405.html | title=GM Sells Locomotive Manufacturer |work=The Journal of Commerce | date=April 5, 2005 | url-access=limited | access-date=January 9, 2022 | archive-date=January 9, 2022 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220109215351/https://www.joc.com/rail-intermodal/gm-sells-locomotive-manufacturer_20050405.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-01-13-0501130291-story.html | title=GM to sell area locomotive unit | first=James P. | last=Miller |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=January 13, 2005 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

GM paid $2 billion to sever its ties with [[Fiat S.p.A.|Fiat]] in 2005, severing ties with the company due to an increasingly contentious dispute.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/14/business/worldbusiness/gm-will-pay-2-billion-to-sever-ties-to-fiat.html | title=G.M. Will Pay $2 Billion to Sever Ties to Fiat | first=Danny | last=Hakim |newspaper=The New York Times | date=February 14, 2005 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

GM began adding its "[[Mark of Excellence]]" emblem on all new vehicles produced and sold in North America in mid-2005. However, after the reorganization in 2009, the company no longer added the logo, saying that emphasis on its four core divisions would downplay the GM logo.<ref>{{cite news | last=Johnson | first=Kimberly S. |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2009-08-25-gm-logo_N.htm | title=GM To Remove Its Mark from Vehicles To Emphasize Brand |work=USA Today |date=August 27, 2009 |archive-date=August 28, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828151812/http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2009-08-25-gm-logo_N.htm | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2009/08/68497806/1 | title=General Motors to remove its 'Mark of Excellence' logos from new cars – Drive On: A conversation about the cars and trucks we drive |work=USA Today |date=August 26, 2009 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928070016/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2009/08/68497806/1 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005, [[Edward T. Welburn]] was promoted to the newly created position of vice president, GM Global Design, making him the first African American to lead a global automotive design organization and the highest-ranking African American in the US motor industry at that time. On July 1, 2016, he retired from General Motors after 44 years. He was replaced by [[Michael Simcoe]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://autoweek.com/article/car-news/general-motors-design-boss-ed-welburn-retire-july-1 |title=GM Design boss Ed Welburn retiring July 1 |work=Autoweek |date=April 7, 2016 | archive-date=February 28, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228070904/https://autoweek.com/article/car-news/general-motors-design-boss-ed-welburn-retire-july-1 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15347774/general-motors-design-chief-ed-welburn-retiring-after-44-years/ |title=General Motors Design Chief Ed Welburn Retiring after 44 Years |first=Clifford | last=Atiyeh |work=Car and Driver |date=April 7, 2016}}</ref>

In 2006, GM introduced a bright yellow fuel cap on its vehicles to remind drivers that cars can operate using [[E85]] [[ethanol fuel]].<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/environment/2007-05-05-ethanolvehicles_N.htm | title='Flex-fuel' Vehicles Touted |work=USA Today |first=Ken |last=Thomas |date=May 7, 2007|archive-date=September 16, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080916144126/http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/environment/2007-05-05-ethanolvehicles_N.htm| url-status=live}}</ref> They also introduced another hybrid vehicle that year, the [[Saturn Vue#Green Line|Saturn Vue Green Line]].<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.autoweek.com/news/a2061346/2006-saturn-vue-green-line-going-green-saturn-debuts-gms-newest-hybrid/ | title=2006 Saturn Vue Green Line: Going Green: Saturn Debuts GM's Newest Hybrid |first=Larry | last=Edsall |work=Autoweek |date=January 8, 2006}}</ref>

In 2008, General Motors committed to engineering half of its manufacturing plants to be landfill-free by recycling or reusing waste in the manufacturing process.<ref>{{cite press release |title=GM Surpasses Landfill-Free Facilities Commitment | url=http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/Dec/1213_landfill.html | publisher=General Motors | archive-date=August 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807113946/http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/Dec/1213_landfill.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Continuing their environmental-conscious development, GM started to offer the [[2-mode hybrid]] system in the [[Chevrolet Tahoe]], [[GMC Yukon]], [[Cadillac Escalade]], and [[pickup truck]]s.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/automobiles/autoreviews/27AUTO.html | title=Big S.U.V.'s Drink Less |first=Bob |last=Knoll |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 27, 2008 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In late 2008, the world's largest [[List of rooftop photovoltaic installations|rooftop solar power installation]] was installed at GM's manufacturing plant in [[Zaragoza]]. The Zaragoza solar installation has about {{convert|2000000|sqft|m2}} of roof at the plant and contains about 85,000 solar panels. The installation was created, owned, and operated by [[Veolia]] Environment and Clairvoyant Energy, which leases the rooftop area from GM.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/Apr/0426_earth.html |title=Let The Sun Shine | publisher=General Motors | date=April 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | work=Reuters | date=July 8, 2008 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKCAS84477520080708 | title=GM Europe puts solar roof on Spanish plant | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009220758/https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKCAS84477520080708 |archive-date=October 9, 2020 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | work=The Guardian | date=July 9, 2008 | url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jul/09/solarpower.renewableenergy | title=GM installs the world's biggest rooftop solar panels | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309072629/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jul/09/solarpower.renewableenergy |archive-date=March 9, 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref>