Editing Geoengineering (section)

== Governance ==
Most governance issues relating geoengineering are specific to the category or the specific method. Nevertheless, a couple of international governance instruments have addressed geoengineering collectively. 

The Conference of Parties to the [[Convention on Biological Diversity]] have made several decisions regarding "climate related geoengineering." That of 2010 established "a comprehensive non-binding normative framework"<ref>{{Cite book |title=Geoengineering in relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity |date=2012 |publisher=Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity |isbn=978-92-9225-429-2 |series=CBD technical series |location=Montreal}}</ref>{{Rp|page=106}} for "climate-related geoengineering activities that may affect biodiversity," requesting that such activities be justified by the need to gather specific scientific data, undergo prior environmental assessment, be subject to effective regulatory oversight.<ref name="NAP2021">{{Cite book |last=National Academies of Sciences |first=Engineering |url=https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25762/reflecting-sunlight-recommendations-for-solar-geoengineering-research-and-research-governance |title=Reflecting Sunlight: Recommendations for Solar Geoengineering Research and Research Governance |date=2021-03-25 |isbn=978-0-309-67605-2 |language=en |doi=10.17226/25762 |access-date=2021-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417055338/https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25762/reflecting-sunlight-recommendations-for-solar-geoengineering-research-and-research-governance |archive-date=2021-04-17 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=96-97}}<ref name=":12">{{Cite report |url=https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14283096 |title=Solar radiation modification: evidence review report |author1=Scientific Advice Mechanism to the European Commission |date=2024-12-09 |publisher=SAPEA |doi=10.5281/zenodo.14283096 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=161-162}} The Parties' 2016 decision called for "more transdisciplinary research and sharing of knowledge... in order to better understand the impacts of climate-related geoengineering."<ref name=":12" />{{Rp|pages=|page=161-162}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Convention on Biological Diversity |first=Conference of the Parties to the |url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-13/cop-13-dec-14-en.pdf |title=Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, XIII/14. Climate-related Geoengineering |date=8 December 2016 |year=2016}}</ref>

The parties to the London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter and its associated London Protocol have addressed "marine geoengineering." In 2013, the parties to the London Protocol adopted an amendment to establish a legally binding framework for regulating marine geoengineering, initially limited to ocean fertilization and requiring assessment and permitting before any activity proceeds. This amendment has not yet entered into force due to insufficient ratifications. In 2022, the parties to both agreements acknowledged growing interest in marine geoengineering, identified four techniques for priority review, and encouraged careful assessment of proposed projects under existing guidelines while considering options for further regulation. In 2023, they cautioned that these techniques could pose serious environmental risks, highlighted scientific uncertainty about their effects, urged strict application of assessment frameworks, and called for broader international cooperation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Maritime Organization |title=Marine geoengineering |url=https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/geoengineering-Default.aspx}}</ref> Their work is supported by the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection of the [[International Maritime Organization]].{{Portal|Environment|Weather|Global warming}}