Editing Geography Markup Language (section)

===Application schema===

In order to expose an application's geographic data with GML, a community or organization creates an XML schema specific to the application domain of interest (the ''application schema''). This schema describes the object types whose data the community is interested in and which community applications must expose. For example, an application for tourism may define object types including monuments, places of interest, museums, road exits, and viewpoints in its ''application schema''. Those object types in turn reference the primitive object types defined in the GML standard.

Some other markup languages for geography use schema constructs, but GML builds on the existing XML schema model instead of creating a new schema language.
Application [[XML schema|schemas]] are normally designed using [[ISO 19103]] (Geographic information – Conceptual schema language)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=56734|title = Iso 19103:2015}}</ref> conformant [[Unified Modeling Language|UML]], and then the GML Application created by following the rules given in Annex E of [[ISO 19136]].

====List of public GML Application Schemas====

Following is a list of known, publicly accessible GML Application Schemas:

* [[AIXM]] Aeronautical Information eXchange Model ( see [https://web.archive.org/web/20070316222918/http://www.aixm.aero/public/subsite_homepage/homepage.html http://aixm.aero] – Commercial Aviation Related Schema)
* [http://code.google.com/p/caaml/ CAAML] – Canadian Avalanche Association Markup Language
* [[CityGML]] – a common information model and GML application schema for virtual 3D city / regional models.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.citygml.org/ |title=CityGML homepage |access-date=2018-06-18 |archive-date=2013-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201051154/http://www.citygml.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Coverage data|Coverages]] – an interoperable, encoding-neutral information model for the digital representation of spatio-temporally varying phenomena (such as sensor, image, model, and statistics data), based on the abstract model of [[ISO 19123]]
* Climate Science Modelling Language (CSML)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ndg.badc.rl.ac.uk/csml/ |title=Climate Science Modelling Language - CSML |access-date=2018-06-18 |archive-date=2015-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613004953/http://ndg.badc.rl.ac.uk/csml/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Darwin Core GML application schema. An implementation of the [[Darwin Core]] schema in GML for sharing [[biodiversity]] occurrence data.
* [[GeoSciML]] – from [http://www.cgi-iugs.org/ IUGS Commission for Geoscience Information]
* GPML – the [[GPlates]] Markup Language, an information model and application schema for plate-tectonics<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.earthbyte.org/Resources/GPGIM/|title = GPlates Geological Information Model : Resource Page}}</ref>
* [https://www.ogc.org/standards/infragml InfraGML] - a GML implementation initiated 2012,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ogc.org/news/|title=News}}</ref> reflecting the then missing update of [http://www.landxml.org/ LandXML]
* [[INSPIRE]] application schemas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/schemas/|title=Index of /schemas|website=inspire.ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
* [[IWXXM]] – Aviation weather GML application schema
* NcML/GML – NetCDF-GML<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/projects/THREDDS/GALEON/TestDatasets/NcMLAndGML.htm |title=NetCDF in XML |access-date=2007-04-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323080506/http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/projects/THREDDS/GALEON/TestDatasets/NcMLAndGML.htm |archive-date=2010-03-23 }}</ref>
* [[Observations and Measurements]] schema for observation metadata and results
* OS MasterMap GML<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/os-mastermap/gml-explained.html |title=OS MasterMap – GML (Geography Mark-up Language) explained |access-date=2011-10-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505034142/http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/os-mastermap/gml-explained.html |archive-date=2013-05-05 }}</ref>
* [[SensorML]] schema for describing instruments and processing chains
* [[Soterml|SoTerML]] schema for describing Soil and Terrain data
* TigerGML – US Census<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ogcnetwork.net/node/220|title = The Home of Location Technology Innovation and Collaboration &#124; OGC}}</ref>
* [https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/NRInfo/WaterQualityDataPublishing Water Quality Data Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721161945/https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/NRInfo/WaterQualityDataPublishing |date=2008-07-21 }} from Dept. of Natural Resources, New South Wales
* [[WXXM (data model)|WXXM]] – Weather Information Exchange Model
* [http://www.indoorgml.net/ IndoorGML] – an OGC standard for an open data model and XML schema for indoor spatial information.