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Gerald Vizenor
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==Non-fiction== Vizenor has written several studies of Native American affairs, including ''Manifest Manners'' and ''Fugitive Poses.'' He has edited several collections of academic work related to Native American writing. He is the founder-editor of the American Indian Literature and Critical Studies series at the [[University of Oklahoma Press]], which has provided an important venue for critical work on and by Native writers. In his own studies, Vizenor has worked to [[Deconstruction|deconstruct]] the [[semiotics]] of Indianness. His title, ''Fugitive Poses'' is derived from Vizenor's assertion that the term ''Indian'' is a social-science construction that replaces native peoples, who become absent or "fugitive".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greenham |first1=David |title=Gerald Vizenor, ''Fugitive Poses: Native American Scenes of Absence and Presence'' |id=[Review] |journal=Journal of American Studies |date=December 1999 |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=519β586 |doi=10.1017/S0021875899576238}}</ref> Similarly, the term, "manifest manners," refers to the continued legacy of [[Manifest Destiny]]. He wrote that native peoples were still bound by "narratives of dominance" that replace them with "Indians".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vizenor |first1=Gerald Robert |last2=Lee |first2=A. Robert |title=Postindian conversations |date=1999 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln, Nebraska (U.S.) |isbn=978-0-8032-9628-2 |pages=82β84}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blaeser |first1=Kimberly M. |title=Gerald Vizenor: Writing in the Oral Tradition |date=1996 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-2874-0 |pages=55β57 |language=en}}</ref> In place of a unified "Indian" [[Sign (semiotics)|signifier]], he suggests that Native peoples be referred to by specific tribal identities, to be properly placed in their particular tribal context, just as most Americans would distinguish among the French, Poles, Germans and English. In order to cover more general Native studies, Vizenor suggests using the term, "postindian," to convey that the disparate, [[heterogeneous]] tribal cultures were "unified" and could be addressed ''en masse'' only by [[European American|Euro-American]] attitudes and actions towards them. He has also promoted the neologism of "[[survivance]]", a cross between the words "survival" and "resistance." He uses it to replace "survival" in terms of tribal peoples. He coined it to imply a process rather than an end, as the ways of tribal peoples continue to change (as do the ways of others). He also notes that the survival of tribal peoples as distinct from majority cultures, is based in resistance.<ref name="helstern" /> He continues to criticize both Native American nationalism and Euro-American colonial attitudes.
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