Editing German name (section)

===Nobility===
Titles of former aristocrats (like ''Graf'' for "Count") have become parts of the ''Nachname'' in Germany, giving longer names of several words, usually including the [[nobiliary particle]] ''[[von]]'' (meaning "of") or ''zu'' (meaning "to", sometimes "at"), often ''von und zu'' are also found together (meaning "of and to/at").<ref name="NM-KTG">For example: [[Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg|Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg]]</ref><ref name="NM-WKG">[[German nobility#Nobiliary particles used by German nobility|Nobiliary particles used by German nobility]]</ref> The legal rules for these names are the same as those for other ''Nachnamen'', which gives rise to a number of cases where people legally bear such names but are not recognized by the associations of formerly [[German nobility|noble families in Germany]], which continue to apply the old rules of the German Empire in their publications. Most of these cases come about when a woman of noble descent marries a man with no title, and the two adopt the woman's name as their common ''Nachname'', which was impossible under imperial law.

In Austria, titles of nobility including certain other orders and honours held by Austrian citizens have since 3 April 1919 been abolished, including nobiliary particles such as ''von'', the use of such titles by Austrian citizens is an offence punishable with a financial enforcement penalty.<ref name="GN-NRA">[[:de:Adelsaufhebungsgesetz#Verwaltungsstrafbarkeit|Adelsaufhebungsgesetz, Verwaltungsstrafbarkeit (Nobility Repeal Act, Administrative Offense).]]</ref>{{Better source needed|date=February 2017|reason=[[WP:CIRCULAR]]}} For example, [[Otto von Habsburg]], [[Austria-Hungary]]'s last crown prince, was referred to as Otto Habsburg(-Lothringen) in Austria. In Switzerland, where titles of nobility have been rare for several centuries, they can be used in private conversation, but are not officially recognized.{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}