Editing Girnar (section)

=== Jaina Inscriptions ===
Of the several Jaina inscriptions found at Girnar, most are at the [[Girnar Jain temples]].
# An inscription is present on a slab over the West entrance of the [[Vastupala|Vastupāla]]-Tejaḥpāla [[Jain]]a temple. As per the dates in the inscription, it was written in 1230 CE. It extols [[Neminatha|Neminātha]], Vastupāla, [[Acharya Haribhadrasuri|Ācārya Haribhadrasūri]], Ācārya Vijayasenasūri, and some other [[Śvetāmbara]] Jaina monks.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n385/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=328}}</ref>{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=171}}
# On the West door of [[Vastupala|Vastupāla]]'s temple, another inscription, similar to the one on the slab over the gate, exists. According to the inscription, the Vastupāla-Tejaḥpāla temple was consecrated by [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jain]]a monks Ācārya Vijayasenasūri and Ācārya Ānandasūri. It was also written in 1230 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n388/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=331}}</ref>{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=171}}
# On the North door of the [[Vastupala|Vastupāla]]-Tejaḥpāla temple, an inscription, similar to the one on the West door of the temple, exists. It begins with extolling the qualities of [[Neminatha|Neminātha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n392/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=335}}</ref> It goes on to praise [[Śvetāmbara]] Jaina monks and Vastupāla. [[Someshvara (13th-century poet)|Ṭhākura Someśvaradeva]], the author of this inscription, extols Vastupāla in a series of [[Sanskrit]] ślokas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n393/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=336}}</ref>
# An inscription on the East door of the Vastupāla-Tejaḥpāla temple begins by extolling the qualities of [[Neminatha|Neminātha]]. Similar to the inscriptions on the other walls and doors of the temple, it also praises [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jain]]a monks and Vastupāla. It also states a series of [[Sanskrit]] ślokas written by Ācārya Narendrasūri Maladhārī about Vastupāla.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n397/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=340}}</ref>
# An inscription was also found on another East door of the Vastupāla-Tejaḥpāla temple. It is said that the inscription was on a state that was deteriorating from effects of climate. Therefore, some characters were obscure and obliterated. It mentions several popular Jaina images installed by Vastupāla. It also mentions a Jaina image of [[Saraswati]] installed by him in [[Kashmir|Kaśmīra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n399/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=342}}</ref> Several [[Sanskrit]] ślokas praising both Vastupāla and Tejaḥpāla are found in this inscription. Additionally, it also mentions the ancestors of Vastupāla and Tejaḥpāla. The name of the author of these verses is mentioned to be Ācārya Saracandrasūri Maladhārī. The name of the copyist is mentioned to be Jaitrasiṃha and the name of the engraver is mentioned to be Kumārasiṃha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n400/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=343}}</ref>{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=171}}
# The South gate of the temple built by Vastupāla and Tejaḥpāla features an inscription, also written on the same day as the inscriptions on the other walls of the temple. It starts with praises of all the [[Tirthankara|Tirthankaras]]. Later, it mentions the family of Vastupāla and Tejaḥpāla and their works of philanthropy and religious activities and construction of various Jaina temples. It also mentions Ācārya Vijayasenasūri and Ācārya Ānandasūri as the monks who consecrated the temple.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n402/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=345}}</ref> A series of [[Sanskrit]] ślokas praising Vastupāla and Tejaḥpāla were written by Ācārya Udayaprabhasūri of the Nāgendra [[Gaccha]]. The name of the copyist is mentioned to be Jaitrasiṃha and the name of the engraver is mentioned to be Kumārasiṃha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n403/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=346}}</ref>
# An incomplete inscription on a wall near the first entrance to the [[Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar|Neminātha Jaina Temple]] exists. While the first few lines are broken away, it begins by extolling [[Neminatha|Neminātha]], the principal deity of the shrine. Then, it praises demi-goddess [[Ambika (Jainism)|Ambika]] and describes her appearance and iconography as per Jaina traditions. It further describes [[Yadava|Yādava]] kings who maintained this temple. It lists several prominent kings of the region who belonged to the same family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n406/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=349}}</ref>{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=171}}
# A partially obliterated inscription was found on a wall of a temple facing South on the way that leads to Haṭhīpagalā. It describes the family of Kumārasiṃha and other ministers in the court of the king of the region. It further mentions a pilgrimage to [[Palitana temples|Pālītāṇā temples]]. The name of the author of this inscription is mentioned to be Ācārya Jayasiṃhasūri. Ṭhākura Haripāla is mentioned to be the engraver of the inscription.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n409/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=352}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Ranjana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMUHEQAAQBAJ&q=Jaina%20inscriptions%20Girnar |title=Charters of the Chaulukyas and Vaghelas of Gujarat(c.950–1300 CE) |date=2024-05-14 |publisher=Prowess Publishing |isbn=978-1-5457-5751-2 |language=en}}</ref>
# The North entrance to the [[Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar|Neminātha Jaina Temple]] has two pillars, both with different inscriptions. The one on the East side contains an inscription that dates to 1288 CE and mentions the use of 3,050 flowers for the daily worship of [[Neminatha|Neminātha]], the principal deity of the shrine, by Punasiṃha, a [[Porwal|Porwāla]] Jaina and his wife Gunasiri. It further mentions the pilgrimage of Girnar by Vilhaṇata, a [[Shrimal Jain|Śrīmālī]] Jaina, in 1277 CE.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n410/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=353}}</ref>
# The inscription on the adjoining pillar at the North entrance to [[Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar|Neminātha Jaina Temple]] mentions the 1275 CE and is instructional in nature. It mentions the donation of 200 gold coins by merchant Haripāla. It further mentions the instruction to use 2,000 flowers obtained from a dedicated garden for the daily worship of [[Neminatha|Neminātha]]. The flowers may not be used for any other purpose than worship. This instruction was given out by Ācārya Jinaprabodhasūri.<ref name=":1" />
# On the wall of a small shrine towards West of the South entrance to [[Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar|Neminātha Jaina Temple]] exists a short inscription that begins by paying obeisance to [[Neminatha|Neminātha]] and proceeds to appreciate king Mahīpāla and several other people who enabled the construction of a temple of Neminātha.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n411/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=354}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Dr Ranjana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dd5BEAAAQBAJ&q=Neminatha |title=Grants and Gods in Gujarat |date=2021-09-08 |publisher=Prowess Publishing |isbn=978-1-5457-5431-3 |language=en}}</ref>
# On a broken pillar at the same place, and inscription mentioning a family paying obeisance at the feet of [[Neminatha|Neminātha]] in 1428 CE.<ref name=":2" />
# On a wall to the East of the South entrance to the [[Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar|Neminātha Jaina Temple]], an inscription mentioning a pilgrimage to Girnar performed by some wealthy merchants following [[Kharatara Gaccha]] in 1488 CE, exists.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n412/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=355}}</ref>
# On the Eastern wall near the North entrance to the [[Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar|Neminātha Jaina Temple]], exists an inscription that praises Ācārya Dhaneśvarasūri and his pupils as well as mentions that they performed several religious activities atop the mountain including consecration of idols and temples. It also praises Ācārya Candrasūri for answering questions asked to him by a minister.<ref name=":3" />{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=168}}
# On the North entrance of the temple, an inscription stating the date of construction of the passage in front of the shrines as 1159 CE, exists.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Dhaky |first=M. A. |title=મહાતીર્થ ઉજ્જયન્તગિરિ (ગિરનાર તીર્થ) [Mahatirtha UjjayantGiri (Girnar Tirtha)] |publisher=[[Anandji Kalyanji Trust]] |year=1997 |editor-last=Shah |editor-first=Jitendra B. |location=Ahmedabad |page=20 |language=Gujarati}}</ref>
# As per the inscription on the wall of a small shrine of [[Rishabhanatha]], it was built by Jagamāl Gordhan, a [[Porwal|Porwāla]] Jaina, in 1792 CE and the idol was consecrated by Ācārya Jinendrasūri.{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=166}}
# An inscription on the Western wall near the North entrance to the [[Neminath Jain Temple, Girnar|Neminātha Jaina Temple]] mentions the installation of several Jaina images with a permission from Saṅghavī Ṭhākura Śālivāhana. It also mentions the erection of an idol of [[Ambika (Jainism)|Ambika]], the attendant deity to [[Neminatha|Neminātha]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n413/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=356}}</ref>{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=167}}
# Another inscription to the North of the previous inscription mentions the installation of the feet of [[Neminatha|Neminātha]] by Jayasiṃhadeva Vijaya. The name of the mason is mentioned to be Vikrama Māruti.<ref name=":4" />
# An inscription under the image of [[Pārśvanātha]] in the temple built by Vastupāla and Tejaḥpāla states that it was installed in 1247 CE and mentions the names of the monks who consecrated it and the lay followers who inspired the installation of the idol.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n415/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=358}}</ref>
# A short inscription was also found in a sacred place known as ''Hāthipagalā'' ({{Translation|Elephant's foot}}). The inscription states that the old road to the top of the mountain was repaired by Mānsiṃhaji Meghāji, a [[Shrimal Jain|Śrīmālī]] Jaina by, in the year 1626 CE.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n417/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=360}}</ref>
# A sculpture of the 24 [[Tirthankara|Tirthankaras]] in a dilapidated temple contains an inscription which states the names of some members of the Pallivāla community and that the sculpture was installed in the year 1292 CE.{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=168}}<ref name=":8" />
# An inscription written in 1232 CE on the East wall of the path from Rājula's cave to Gaumukha states that Vastupāla built four temples, one each dedicated to himself at [[Palitana temples]], his wife Lalitādevi at [[Girnar Jain temples]], and his wife Sokhukādevi at Aṣṭāpada. The fourth temple he built was of the Kapardīyakśa at Girnar. The inscription further states that he built all these temples with his own money.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n418/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=361}}</ref>{{sfn|Burgess|1876|p=173}}
# An inscription that states that Thathīrapāla dedicated an idol of [[Rishabhanatha|Ṛṣabhanātha]] to Līlādevi in 1313 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n419/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=362}}</ref>
# Another inscription found states that Tejalā, the wife of Padama, a famous member of the Pallivāla community, caused an idol of [[Munisuvrata]] among a group of several idols to be installed in 1299 CE, dedicating it to her grandfather.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53162/page/n420/mode/1up |title=Revised Lists Of Antiquarian Remains In The Bombay Presidency |date=1897 |page=363}}</ref>