Editing Goethe's Faust (section)

==Translations==
In 1821, a partial English verse translation of ''Faust'' (Part One) was published anonymously by the London publisher Thomas Boosey and Sons, with illustrations by the German engraver [[Moritz Retzsch]]. This translation was attributed to the English poet [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] by Frederick Burwick and James C. McKusick in their 2007 Oxford University Press edition, ''Faustus: From the German of Goethe, Translated by Samuel Taylor Coleridge''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/faustus-from-the-german-of-goethe-9780199229680?|publisher=Oxford University Press|place=UK|title=Faustus: From the German of Goethe|date=4 October 2007|isbn=978-0-19-922968-0}}.</ref> In a letter dated 4 September 1820, Goethe wrote to his son August that Coleridge was translating ''Faust''.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article3363528.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719032616/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article3363528.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=July 19, 2008 | location =London |newspaper=[[The Times]]| title=Coleridge and Goethe together at last | first=Kelly | last=Grovier|author-link=Kelly Grovier| date=February 13, 2008}}</ref> However, this attribution is controversial: [[Roger Paulin]], William St. Clair, and [[Elinor Shaffer]] provide a lengthy rebuttal to Burwick and McKusick, offering evidence including Coleridge's repeated denials that he had ever translated ''Faustus'' and arguing that Goethe's letter to his son was based on misinformation from a third party.<ref>{{citation | url = http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4530/1/stc-faustus-review.pdf | title=A Gentleman of Literary Eminence |last=Paulin|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Paulin| date=2008|display-authors=etal}}.</ref>

Coleridge's fellow Romantic [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] produced admired<ref name="Kaufmann">{{cite book|last=Kaufmann|first=Walter|author-link=Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|title=Goethe's Faust : Part One and Sections from Part Two|year=1963|publisher=Doubleday|location=Garden City, New York|isbn=0-385-03114-9|page=47|edition=Anchor Books|chapter=Introduction}}</ref> fragments of a translation first publishing Part One Scene II in ''The Liberal'' magazine in 1822, with "Scene I" (in the original, the "Prologue in Heaven") being published in the first edition of his ''Posthumous Poems'' by [[Mary Shelley]] in 1824.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Thomas Hutchinson|title=Poetical works [of] Shelley|year=1970|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|isbn=0-19-281069-3|pages=748–762|edition=2nd}}</ref>

* In 1828, at the age of twenty, [[Gérard de Nerval]] published a French translation of Goethe's ''Faust''.
* In 1850, [[Anna Swanwick]] released an English translation of ''Part One''. In 1878, she published a translation of ''Part Two''. Her translation is considered among the best.<ref>{{Cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Swanwick, Anna |first=Elizabeth|last=Lee}}</ref>
* In 1870–71, [[Bayard Taylor]] published an English translation in the original [[Metre (poetry)|metres]]. This translation, which he is best known for, is considered one of the finest and consistently remained in print for a century.<ref>Rennick, Andrew. "Bayard Taylor" in ''Writers of the American Renaissance: An A to Z Guide''. Denise D. Knight, editor. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2003: 354. {{ISBN|0-313-32140-X}}</ref>
* [[Calvin Thomas (linguist)|Calvin Thomas]]: ''Part One'' (1892) and ''Part Two'' (1897) for [[D. C. Heath and Company|D. C. Heath]].
* Alice Raphael: ''Part One'' (1930) for [[Jonathan Cape]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goethe|first=Johann Wolfgang von|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cNkcMwEACAAJ|title=Faust. A Tragedy ... Translated by Alice Raphael. With ... Woodcuts by Lynd Ward. (Second Printing.).|date=1930|publisher=Jonathan Cape & Harrison Smith|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Mori Ōgai]]: 1913 both parts into Japanese.
* [[Guo Moruo]]: ''Part One'' (1928) and ''Part Two'' (1947) into Chinese.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Pu Wang|title=The Translatability of Revolution: Guo Moruo and Twentieth-Century Chinese Culture|chapter=Introduction|pages=1–38|year=2018|doi=10.2307/j.ctvrs9065.7|jstor=j.ctvrs9065.7|s2cid=240301584}}</ref>
* Philosopher [[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Walter Kaufmann]] was also known for an English translation of ''Faust'', presenting Part One in its entirety, with selections from Part Two, and omitted scenes extensively summarized. Kaufmann's version preserves Goethe's metres and rhyme schemes, but objected to translating all of Part Two into English, believing that "To let Goethe speak English is one thing; to transpose into English his attempt to imitate Greek poetry in German is another."<ref name=Kaufmann />
* [[Carlyle Ferren MacIntyre|C. F. MacIntyre]]: ''Faust: An American Translation of Part I'' (1949) for New Directions.
* Phillip Wayne: ''Part One'' (1949) and ''Part Two'' (1959) for Penguin Books.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Montano|first=Rocco|date=1986-03-01|title=Hamlet, Don Quixote and Faust|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02118124|journal=Neohelicon|language=en|volume=13|issue=1|pages=229–245|doi=10.1007/BF02118124|s2cid=144618932|issn=1588-2810|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Louis MacNeice]]: In 1949, the BBC commissioned an abridged translation for radio. It was published in 1952.

In August 1950, [[Boris Pasternak]]'s Russian translation of the first part led him to be attacked in the Soviet literary journal ''[[Novy Mir]]''. The attack read in part,
<blockquote>... the translator clearly distorts Goethe's ideas... in order to defend the [[reactionary]] theory of 'pure art' ... he introduces an aesthetic and individualist flavor into the text... attributes a reactionary idea to Goethe... distorts the social and philosophical meaning...<ref name="Olga">[[Olga Ivinskaya]], ''A Captive of Time: My Years with Pasternak'', 1978. pp. 78–79.</ref></blockquote>

In response, Pasternak wrote to [[Ariadna Efron]], the exiled daughter of [[Marina Tsvetaeva]]:
<blockquote>There was some alarm when my ''Faust'' was torn to pieces in ''Novy mir'' on the basis that supposedly the gods, angels, witches, spirits, the madness of poor Gretchen and everything 'irrational' was rendered too well, whereas Goethe's progressive ideas (which ones?) were left in the shade and unattended.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barnes|first=Christopher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tle7SAlWFRkC|title=Boris Pasternak: A Literary Biography|volume=2: 1928–1960|date=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52073-7|page=269}}</ref></blockquote>

* Peter Salm: ''Faust, First Part'' (1962) for [[Bantam Books]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goethe|first=Johann Wolfgang von|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYwMzQEACAAJ|title=Faust, First Part|date=1962|publisher=Bantam|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Randall Jarrell]]: ''Part One'' (1976) for [[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]].
* [[Walter W. Arndt|Walter Arndt]]: ''Faust: A Tragedy'' (1976) for [[W. W. Norton & Company]].
*Stuart Atkins: ''Faust I & II, Volume 2: Goethe's Collected Works'' (1984) for Princeton University Press.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=John R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzPNDwAAQBAJ|title=Goethe's Faust|date=2020-01-30|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-76114-6|language=en}}</ref>
* [[David Luke]]: ''Part One'' (1987) and ''Part Two'' (1994) for Oxford University Press.
* [[Martin Greenberg (poet)|Martin Greenberg]]: ''Part One'' (1992) and ''Part Two'' (1998) for Yale University Press.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300189698/faust/|access-date=3 January 2025|title=Faust|translator=Martin Greenberg|translator-link=Martin Greenberg (poet)|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=9780300189698}}; [{{Google Books|id=7VHwAwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} at Google Books]</ref>
* John R. Williams: ''Part One'' (1999) and ''Part Two'' (2007) for Wordsworth Editions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goethe|first=Johann Wolfgang von|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3OYDwAAQBAJ|title=The Essential Goethe|date=2018-06-12|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-18104-2|language=en}}</ref>
* [[David Constantine]]: ''Part One'' (2005) and ''Part Two'' (2009) for Penguin Books.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hewitt|first=Ben|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3S8rDwAAQBAJ|title=Byron, Shelley and Goethe's Faust: An Epic Connection|date=2017-07-05|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-57283-5|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Zsuzsanna Ozsváth]] and [[Frederick Turner (poet)|Frederick Turner]]: ''Part One'' (2020) for Deep Vellum Books, with illustrations by [[Fowzia Karimi]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goethe|first=Johann Wolfgang van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUJTzQEACAAJ|title=Faust, Part One: A New Translation with Illustrations|date=2020-11-19|publisher=Deep Vellum Publishing|isbn=978-1-64605-023-9|language=en}}</ref>