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====Sanskrit tradition==== In ''[[Mahabharata|Mahābhārata]]'', the ancient epic of India, there is a discourse in which sage Brihaspati tells the king Yudhishthira the following about [[dharma]], a philosophical understanding of values and actions that lend good order to life: {{Blockquote|One should never do something to others that one would regard as an injury to one's own self. In brief, this is dharma. Anything else is succumbing to desire.| ''Mahābhārata'' 13.113.8 (Critical edition){{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}}} The Mahābhārata is usually dated to the period between 400 BCE and 400 CE.<ref>Cush, D., Robinson, C., York, M. (eds.) (2008) "Mahābhārata" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=kzPgCgAAQBAJ ''Encyclopedia of Hinduism''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117102108/https://books.google.com/books?id=kzPgCgAAQBAJ |date=17 January 2023 }}. Abingdon: Routledge, p 469</ref><ref>van Buitenen, J.A.B. (1973) [https://books.google.com/books?id=i8oe5fY5_3UC&dq=mahabharata+book+1&pg=PR25 ''The Mahābhārata, Book 1: The Book of the Beginning''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730165523/https://books.google.com/books?id=i8oe5fY5_3UC&dq=mahabharata+book+1&pg=PR25 |date=30 July 2023 }}. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, p xxv</ref>
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