Editing Golgi apparatus (section)

== Vesicular transport ==
[[Image:Nucleus ER golgi.svg|thumb|315px|Diagram of secretory process from endoplasmic reticulum (orange) to Golgi apparatus (magenta). 1. [[Nuclear membrane]]; 2. [[Nuclear pore]]; 3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER); 4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER); 5. [[Ribosome]] attached to RER; 6. [[Macromolecule]]s; 7. Transport vesicles; 8. Golgi apparatus; 9. ''Cis'' face of Golgi apparatus; 10. ''Trans'' face of Golgi apparatus; 11. Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.]]

The vesicles that leave the [[Endoplasmic reticulum#Rough endoplasmic reticulum|rough endoplasmic reticulum]] are transported to the ''cis'' face of the Golgi apparatus, where they fuse with the Golgi membrane and empty their contents into the [[Lumen (anatomy)|lumen]]. Once inside the lumen, the molecules are modified, then sorted for transport to their next destinations.{{cn|date=May 2025}}

Those proteins destined for areas of the cell other than either the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus are moved through the Golgi cisternae towards the ''trans'' face, to a complex network of membranes and associated vesicles known as the ''trans-Golgi network'' (TGN). This area of the Golgi is the point at which proteins are sorted and shipped to their intended destinations by their placement into one of at least three different types of vesicles, depending upon the [[signal peptide|signal sequence]] they carry.

{| class="wikitable"
! Types
! Description
! Example
|-
! Exocytotic vesicles ''(constitutive)''
| Vesicle contains proteins destined for [[extracellular]] release. After packaging, the vesicles bud off and immediately move towards the [[plasma membrane]], where they fuse and release the contents into the extracellular space in a process known as ''[[Secretory pathway|constitutive secretion]]''.
| Antibody release by activated plasma B cells
|-
! Secretory vesicles ''(regulated)''
| Vesicles contain proteins destined for extracellular release. After packaging, the vesicles bud off and are stored in the cell until a signal is given for their release. When the appropriate signal is received they move toward the membrane and fuse to release their contents. This process is known as ''[[Secretory pathway|regulated secretion]]''.
| [[Neurotransmitter]] release from [[neuron]]s
|-
! Lysosomal vesicles
| Vesicles contain proteins and ribosomes destined for the lysosome, a degradative organelle containing many acid [[hydrolase]]s, or to lysosome-like storage organelles. These proteins include both digestive enzymes and membrane proteins. The vesicle first fuses with the [[endosome|late endosome]], and the contents are then transferred to the lysosome via unknown mechanisms.
| Digestive [[protease]]s destined for the lysosome
|}