Editing Goose (section)

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Migratory geese may use several environmental cues in timing the beginning of their migration, including temperature, predation threat, and food availability.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=van Wijk |first1=Rien E. |last2=Koelzch |first2=Andrea |last3=Kruckenberg |first3=Helmut |last4=Ebbinge |first4=Barwolt S. |last5=Mueskens |first5=Gerhard J.D.M. |last6=Nolet |first6=Bart A. |date=2012 |title=Individually tracked geese follow peaks of temperature acceleration during spring migration |journal=Oikos |volume=121 |issue=5 |pages=655–664 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20083.x|bibcode=2012Oikos.121..655V |url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-2-1cyvc928shqh72 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jonker |first1=Rudy M. |last2=Eichhorn |first2=Goetz |last3=van Langevelde |first3=Frank |last4=Bauer |first4=Silke |date=2010 |title=Predation Danger Can Explain Changes in Timing of Migration: The Case of the Barnacle Goose |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=e11369 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0011369|doi-access=free |pmid=20614027 |pmc=2894857 |bibcode=2010PLoSO...511369J }}</ref> Like all migratory birds, geese exhibit an ability to navigate using an internal compass, using a combination of innate and learned behaviors. The preferred direction of migration is heritable, and birds appear to orient themselves using Earth's magnetic field.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wiltschko |first=Roswitha |date=2017 |title=Navigation |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology A |volume=203 |issue=6–7 |pages=455–463 |doi=10.1007/s00359-017-1160-1|pmid=28289837 }}</ref> Migrations occur over the course of several weeks, and up to 85% of migration time is spent at perennial stopover sites, where individuals rest and build up fat stores for further travel.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Blount |first1=J. David |last2=Horns |first2=Joshua J. |last3=Kittelberger |first3=Kyle D. |last4=Neate-Clegg |first4=Montague H.C. |last5=Sekercioglu |first5=Cagan H. |date=2021 |title=Avian Use of Agricultural Areas as Migration Stopover Sites: A Review of Crop Management Practices and Ecological Correlates |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=9 |pages=650641 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2021.650641|doi-access=free |bibcode=2021FrEEv...950641B }}</ref>