Editing Great power (section)

==="Full-spectrum" dimension===
Historian [[Phillips P. O'Brien]], Head of the School of International Relations and Professor of Strategic Studies at the [[University of St Andrews|University of St. Andrews]], criticizes the concept of a great power, arguing that it is dated, vaguely defined, and inconsistently applied.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last =O'Brien |first =Phillips P. |date =2023-06-29 |title =There's No Such Thing as a Great Power |language=en-US |work=Foreign Affairs |url =https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/theres-no-such-thing-great-power |access-date =2023-06-29 |issn =0015-7120}}</ref> He states that the term is used to "describe everything from true superpowers such as the United States and China, which wield the full spectrum of economic, technological, and military might, to better-than-average military powers such as Russia, which have nuclear weapons but little else that would be considered indicators of great power. "<ref name=":0" /> O'Brien advocates for the concept of a "full-spectrum power", which takes into account "all the fundamentals on which superior military power is built", including economic resources, domestic politics and political systems (which can restrain or expand dimensions of power), technological capabilities, and social and cultural factors (such as a society's willingness to go to war or to invest in military development).<ref name=":0" />{{efn | Both [[monoculturalism | monocultural]] and [[multiculturalism | multicultural]] societies may have advantages - note the changing fortunes of the great-power blocs in the course of World War II.}}