Editing Grebe (section)

==Systematics==
[[File:Phoenicopterus ruber in São Paulo Zoo.jpg|thumb|Many molecular and morphological studies support a relationship between grebes and [[flamingo]]s.]]
The grebes are a radically distinct group of birds as regards their [[anatomy]]. Accordingly, they were at first believed to be related to the [[loon]]s, which are also foot-propelled diving birds, and both families were once classified together under the order [[Colymbiformes]]. However, as early as the 1930s, this was determined to be an example of [[convergent evolution]] caused by the strong [[Selection (biology)|selective]] forces encountered by unrelated birds sharing the same lifestyle at different times and in different habitat.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stolpe |first1=Max |title=''Colymbus'', ''Hesperornis'', ''Podiceps'': ein Vergleich ihrer hinteren Extremität |trans-title=''Colymbus'', ''Hesperornis'', ''Podiceps'': a comparison of their hind limbs |language=de |journal=Journal für Ornithologie |date=1 January 1935 |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=115–128 |doi=10.1007/BF01908745 |bibcode=1935JOrni..83..115S |s2cid=11147804 }}</ref> Grebes and loons are now separately classified orders of Podicipediformes and Gaviiformes, respectively.

Recent molecular studies have suggested a relation with [[flamingo]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Chubb |first=A.L. |date=January 2004 |title=New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: the phylogenetic utility of ZENK (i) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=140–151 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00159-3 |pmid=15022765}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ericson |first1=Per<!--check--> G.P. |last2=Anderson |first2=Cajsa L |last3=Britton |first3=Tom |last4=Elzanowski |first4=Andrzej |last5=Johansson |first5=Ulf S |last6=Källersjö |first6=Mari |last7=Ohlson |first7=Jan I |last8=Parsons |first8=Thomas J |last9=Zuccon |first9=Dario |last10=Mayr |first10=Gerald |title=Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils |journal=Biology Letters |date=22 December 2006 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=543–547 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523 |pmid=17148284 |pmc=1834003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hackett |first1=Shannon J. |last2=Kimball |first2=Rebecca T. |last3=Reddy |first3=Sushma |last4=Bowie |first4=Rauri C. K. |last5=Braun |first5=Edward L. |last6=Braun |first6=Michael J. |last7=Chojnowski |first7=Jena L. |last8=Cox |first8=W. Andrew |last9=Han |first9=Kin-Lan |last10=Harshman |first10=John |last11=Huddleston |first11=Christopher J. |last12=Marks |first12=Ben D. |last13=Miglia |first13=Kathleen J. |last14=Moore |first14=William S. |last15=Sheldon |first15=Frederick H. |last16=Steadman |first16=David W. |last17=Witt |first17=Christopher C. |last18=Yuri |first18=Tamaki |title=A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History |journal=Science |date=27 June 2008 |volume=320 |issue=5884 |pages=1763–1768 |doi=10.1126/science.1157704 |pmid=18583609 |bibcode=2008Sci...320.1763H |s2cid=6472805 }}</ref> a finding that has been backed up by morphological evidence. They hold at least eleven morphological traits in common not found in other birds. For example, both flamingoes and grebes lay eggs coated with chalky amorphous calcium phosphate. Many of these characteristics have been previously identified in flamingos, but not in grebes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mayr |first1=Gerald |title=Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae) |journal=Zoological Journal of the <sup>Linnean</sup> Society |date=February 2004 |volume=140 |issue=2 |pages=157–169 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00094.x |doi-access=free }}</ref> For the grebe-flamingo [[clade]], the [[taxon]] [[Mirandornithes]] ("miraculous birds" due to their extreme divergence and [[Apomorphy and synapomorphy|apomorphies]]) has been proposed. Alternatively, they could be placed in one order, with Phoenocopteriformes taking priority.<ref name="Gottingen" />

===Fossil record===
[[File:Boletín de la Sociedad Ibérica de Ciencias Naturales (1921) (19765729204).jpg|thumb|Reconstructed skeleton of fossil slab of ''[[Thiornis]] sociata'', an early grebe]] 
The [[fossil record]] of grebes is incomplete as there are no transitional forms between more conventional birds and grebes known from fossils. The enigmatic waterbird [[genus]] ''[[Juncitarsus]]'', however, may be close to a common ancestor of flamingos and grebes. The extinct stem-flamingo family [[Palaelodidae]] have been suggested to be the transitional linkage between the filter-feeding flamingos and the foot-propelled diving grebes. The evidence for this comes from the overall similarity between the foot and limb structure of grebes and palaeloids, suggesting the latter family of waterbirds were able to swim and dive better than flamingos. Some early grebes share similar characteristics to the coracoid and humerus seen in palaeloids.<ref name=Gottingen>{{cite journal |last=Mayr |first=Gerald |title=The contribution of fossils to the reconstruction of the higher-level phylogeny of birds |journal=Species, Phylogeny and Evolution |issn=1098-660X |volume=3 |pages=59–64 |year=2006 |url=http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/abteilung/terrzool/ornithologie/gottingen.pdf |access-date=10 January 2023 |archive-date=11 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411211540/http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/abteilung/terrzool/ornithologie/gottingen.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mayr2009">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_TB72RBLLMC&pg=PA110|title=Paleogene Fossil Birds|last=Mayr|first=Gerald|date=2009|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-89628-9|access-date=2022-12-21|archive-date=2023-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318224043/https://books.google.com/books?id=P_TB72RBLLMC&pg=PA110|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Rp|105–109}}<ref name="Zelenkov2015">{{cite journal |last1 = Zelenkov | first1= N. V. |year= 2015 |title= A Primitive Grebe (Aves, Podicipedidae) from the Miocene of Eastern Siberia (Lake Baikal, Olkhon Island). |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=521–529| doi= 10.1134/S0031030115050159 | bibcode= 2015PalJ...49..521Z | s2cid= 130057204 }}</ref>

True grebes suddenly appear in the fossil record in the Late [[Oligocene]] or Early [[Miocene]], around 23–25&nbsp;[[mya (unit)|mya]]. There are a few prehistoric genera that are now completely extinct. ''[[Thiornis]]''<ref name=AnnPal86>{{cite journal |last1=Storer |first1=Robert W. |title=The systematic position of the Miocene grebe Thiornis sociata Navás |journal=Annales de Paléontologie |date=April 2000 |volume=86 |issue=2 |pages=129–139 |doi=10.1016/S0753-3969(00)80003-8 |bibcode=2000AnPal..86..129S }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cracraft |first1=Joel |title=Systematics and evolution of the Gruiformes (class Aves). 3, Phylogeny of the suborder Grues |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |date=1973 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=1–127 |hdl=2246/597 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and ''[[Pliolymbus]]''<ref name=Murray67>{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=Bertram G. |title=Grebes from the Late Pliocene of North America |journal=The Condor |date=May 1967 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=277–288 |doi=10.2307/1366317 |jstor=1366317 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alvarez |first1=R. |title=A Pleistocene Avifauna from Jalisco, Mexico |journal=Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology |publisher=University of Michigan |date=1977 |volume=24 |issue=19 |pages=205–220 |hdl=2027.42/48486 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> date from a time when most if not all extant genera were already present.<ref name=AnnPal86/> Because grebes are evolutionarily isolated and they only started to appear in the Northern Hemisphere fossil record in the Early Miocene, they are likely to have originated in the Southern Hemisphere.<ref name="Mlíkovský2010">{{cite book |last1=Mlíkovský |first1=Jiří |year=2010 |chapter=A preliminary review of the grebes, family Podicipedidae |pages=125–131 |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59129969 |editor1-last=Wells |editor1-first=David |title=Systematic Notes on Asian Birds 2010 |publisher=British Ornithologists' Club |isbn=978-0-9522886-5-7 |oclc=1231997761 |access-date=2022-10-23 |archive-date=2022-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023014301/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59129969 |url-status=live }}</ref>

* Genus ''[[Aechmophorus]]'' <small>Coues, 1862</small>
** †''[[Aechmophorus elasson]]'' <small>Murray, 1967</small> ([[Piacenzian]] stage of western United States)
* Genus †''[[Hunucornis]]'' <small>Agnolín et al., 2025</small>
** †''[[Hunucornis|Hunucornis huayanen]]'' <small>Agnolín et al., 2025</small> ([[Messinian]] stage of central Argentina)<ref name=Hunucornis>{{Cite journal|last1=Agnolín |first1=F. L. |last2=Álvarez Herrera |first2=G. |last3=Rozadilla |first3=S. |last4=Contreras |first4=V. |year=2025 |title=First late Miocene bird assemblage from central Argentina, with the description of new taxa |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |doi=10.1080/08912963.2025.2475538 }}</ref>
* Genus †''[[Miobaptus]]'' <small>Švec, 1982</small>
** †''[[Miobaptus|Miobaptus huzhiricus]]'' <small>Zelenkov, 2015</small> ([[Burdigalian]] to the [[Langhian]] ages of East Siberia)
** †''[[Miobaptus|Miobaptus walteri]]'' <small>Švec, 1982</small> [''Podiceps walteri'' <small>(Švec, 1984) Mlíkovský, 2000</small>] ([[Aquitanian (stage)|Aquitanian]] age of Europe)
* Genus †''[[Miodytes]]'' <small>Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler, 2002</small>
** †''[[Miodytes|Miodytes serbicus]]'' <small>Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler, 2002</small> (Langhian age of Serbia)
* Genus †''[[Pliolymbus]]'' <small>Murray, 1967</small> [''Piliolymbus'' (sic)]
** †''[[Pliolymbus|Pliolymbus baryosteus]]'' <small>Murray, 1967</small> (Piacenzian to the [[Gelasian]] stages of western United States and Mexico)
* Genus ''[[Podiceps]]'' <small>Latham 1787</small>
** †''[[Podiceps arndti]]'' <small>Chandler, 1990</small> (Piacenzian stage of North America)
** †''[[Podiceps csarnotanus]]'' <small>Kessler, 2009</small> (Piacenzian stage of Europe)
** †''[[Podiceps discors]]'' <small>Murray, 1967</small> (Piacenzian stage of North America)
** †''[[Podiceps dixi]]'' <small>Brodkorp, 1963</small> ([[Chibanian]] to the [[Late Pleistocene|Tarantian]] stages of Florida, United States)
** †''[[Podiceps howardae]]'' <small>Storer, 2001</small> ([[Zanclean]] age of North Carolina, United States)
** †''[[Podiceps miocenicus]]'' <small>Kessler, 1984</small> ([[Tortonian]] age of Moldova)
** †''[[Podiceps oligoceanus]]'' <small>(Shufeldt, 1915)</small> (Aquitanian age of North America)
** †''[[Podiceps parvus]]'' <small>(Shufeldt, 1913)</small> (Gelasian to the [[Calabrian (stage)|Calabrian]] stages of North America)
** †''[[Podiceps pisanus]]'' <small>(Portis, 1888)</small>  (Piacenzian stage of Italy)
** †''[[Podiceps solidus]]'' <small>Kuročkin, 1985</small> (Zanclean age of Western Mongolia)
** †''[[Podiceps subparvus]]'' <small>(Miller & Bowman, 1958)</small> 
* Genus ''[[Podilymbus]]'' <small>Lesson 1831</small>
** †''[[Podilymbus majusculus]]'' <small>Murray 1967</small> (Piacenzian stage of Idaho, United States)
** †''[[Podilymbus wetmorei]]'' <small>Storer 1976</small> (Chibanian to the Tarantian stages of Florida, United States)
* Genus †''[[Thiornis]]'' <small>Navás, 1922</small>
** †''[[Thiornis|Thiornis sociata]]'' <small>Navás, 1922</small> [''Podiceps sociatus'' <small>(Navás, 1922) Olson, 1995</small>] (Tortonian age of Spain)

A few more recent grebe fossils could not be assigned to modern or prehistoric genera:
*Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (San Diego Late Pliocene of California) – formerly included in ''Podiceps parvus''<ref name=Murray67/>
*Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP 49592, 52261, 51848, 52276, KUVP 4484 (Late Pliocene of WC USA)<ref name=Jehl67>{{cite journal |last1=Jehl |first1=Joseph R. |title=Pleistocene Birds from Fossil Lake, Oregon |journal=The Condor |date=January 1967 |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=24–27 |doi=10.2307/1366369 |jstor=1366369 }}</ref>
*Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Glenns Ferry Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Idaho, USA)<ref name=Jehl67/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Wetmore|first=Alexander |year=1933|title=Pliocene bird remains from Idaho|journal=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections|volume=87|pages=1–12|url=https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_36794_pliocenebirdremainsfromidaho1862}}</ref>
*Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP 74784 (Middle Miocene of Nevada)<ref name="Ksepkaetal2013"/>

===Phylogeny===
To date there is no complete phylogeny of grebes based on molecular work. However, there are comprehensive morphological works from Bochenski (1994),<ref name="Bochenski1994">{{Cite journal |last1=Bochenski |first1=Z. |year=1994 |title=The comparative osteology of grebes (Aves: Podicipediformes) and its systematic implications. |journal=Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia  |volume = 37 |issue = 1 |pages = 191–346| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285839426}}</ref> Fjeldså (2004)<ref name="Fjeldså2004"/> and Ksepka ''et al.'' (2013)<ref name="Ksepkaetal2013">{{Cite journal |last1=Ksepka |first1=D. T. |last2=Balanoff |first2=A. M. |last3=Bell |first3=M. A. |last4=Houseman |first4=M. D. |year=2013 |title=Fossil grebes from the Truckee Formation (Miocene) of Nevada and a new phylogenetic analysis of Podicipediformes (Aves). |journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=1149–1169 |doi=10.1111/pala.12040 |bibcode=2013Palgy..56.1149K |s2cid=83938510 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pala.12040 |access-date=2023-01-02 |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102165157/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pala.12040 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> that have been done on the grebe genera.

{{Clear}}
{{col-begin|width=100%}}
{{col-break}}

'''Bochenski (1994)'''<ref name="Bochenski1994"/>
{{clade |style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%;
|label1='''Podicipedidae'''
|1={{Clade
   |1={{Clade
      |1=''[[Podilymbus]]''
      |2={{Clade
         |1=''[[Poliocephalus (bird)|Poliocephalus]]''
         |2={{Clade
            |1=''[[Least grebe|Tachybaptus dominicus]]''
            |2={{Clade
               |1=''[[Australasian grebe|Tachybaptus novaehollandiae]]''
               |2={{Clade
                  |1=''[[Little grebe|Tachybaptus ruficollis]]''
                  |2=''[[Rollandia (bird)|Rollandia]]''}} }} }} }} }}
   |2={{Clade
      |1=''[[Podiceps]]''
      |2={{Clade
         |1=''[[Great grebe|Podicephorus]]''
         |2=''[[Aechmophorus]]'' }} }} }} }}
{{col-break}}

'''Fjeldså (2004)'''<ref name="Fjeldså2004"/> 
{{clade |style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%;
|label1='''Podicipedidae'''
|1={{Clade
   |1=''[[Rollandia (bird)|Rollandia]]''
   |2={{Clade
      |1={{Clade
         |1=''[[Tachybaptus]]''
         |2=''[[Podilymbus]]''}}
      |2={{Clade
         |1=''[[Poliocephalus (bird)|Poliocephalus]]''
         |2={{Clade
            |1=''[[Great grebe|Podicephorus]]''
            |2=''[[Aechmophorus]]''
            |3=''[[Podiceps]]'' }} }} }} }} }}
{{col-break}}

'''Ksepka ''et al.'' (2013)'''<ref name="Ksepkaetal2013"/>
{{clade |style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|label1='''Podicipedidae'''
|1={{Clade
   |1={{Clade
      |1=''[[Least grebe|Dominicus]]''<ref name="Ksepka&Kammerer2013">{{Cite journal |last1=Ksepka |first1=D. T. |last2=Kammerer |first2= C. |year=2013 |title=Corrigendum: Taxonomic status of the Least Grebe. |journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology |volume = 56 |issue = 5 |pages = 1171|doi=10.1111/pala.12068 |bibcode=2013Palgy..56.1171K }}</ref>
      |2={{Clade
         |1=''[[Tachybaptus]]''
         |2=''[[Poliocephalus (bird)|Poliocephalus]]'' }} }}
   |2={{Clade
      |1={{Clade
         |1=''[[Rollandia (bird)|Rollandia]]''
         |2=''[[Podilymbus]]'' }}
      |2={{Clade
         |label1=
         |1={{Clade
            |1={{Clade
               |1=''[[Black-necked grebe|Podiceps nigricollis]]''
               |2=''[[Silvery grebe|Podiceps occipitalis]]''}}
            |2={{Clade
               |1=''[[Horned grebe|Podiceps auritus]]''
               |2={{Clade
                  |1={{Clade
                     |1=''[[Great crested grebe|Podiceps cristatus]]''
                     |2=''[[Red-necked grebe|Podiceps grisegena]]''}}
                  |2={{Clade
                     |1=''[[Great grebe|Podiceps major]]''
                     |2=''[[Aechmophorus]]'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
{{col-end}}

===Recent species listing===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus  !! Living and recently extinct species
|-
|[[File:Podilymbus-podiceps-001.jpg|175px]] ||''[[Podilymbus]]'' {{small|Lesson 1831}} ||
* [[Pied-billed grebe]] ''Podilymbus podiceps'' <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small>
**''P. p. podiceps'' <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> (northern pied-billed grebe)
**''P. p. antarcticus'' <small>(Lesson 1842)</small> (southern pied-billed grebe)
** ''P. p. antillarum'' <small>Bangs 1913</small> (Antillean pied-billed grebe)
*†[[Atitlán grebe]] ''Podilymbus gigas'' <small>Griscom 1929</small> ([[extinct]] 1989)
|-
|[[File:Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis)- Breeding plumage W2 IMG 8770.jpg|175px]] ||''[[Tachybaptus]]'' {{small|Reichenbach 1853}}  
||
* [[Least grebe]] ''Tachybaptus dominicus'' <small>(Linnaeus 1766)</small>
** ''T. d. dominicus'' <small>(Linnaeus 1766)</small> (West Indian grebe)
** ''T. d. bangsi'' <small>(van Rossem & Hachisuka 1937)</small> (Bangs's grebe)
** ''T. d. brachypterus'' <small>(Chapman 1899)</small> (Mexican least grebe)
** ''T. d. brachyrhynchus'' <small>(Chapman 1899)</small> (short-billed grebe)
** ''T. d. eisenmanni'' <small>Storer & Getty 1985</small>
* [[Little grebe]] ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' <small>(Pallas 1764)</small>
** ''T. r. ruficollis'' <small>(Pallas 1764)</small> (European little grebe)
** ''T. r. albescens'' <small>(Blanford 1877)</small> (Indian little grebe)
** ''T. r. capensis'' <small>(Salvadori 1884)</small> (African little grebe)
** ''T. r. cotabato'' <small>(Rand 1948)</small> (Mindanao little grebe)
** ''T. r. iraquensis'' <small>(Ticehurst 1923)</small> (Iraq little grebe)
** ''T. r. poggei'' <small>(Reichenow 1902)</small>
** ''T. r. philippensis'' <small>(Bonnaterre 1790)</small> (Philippine little grebe)
* [[Australasian grebe]] ''Tachybaptus novaehollandiae'' <small>(Stephens 1826)</small>
** ''T. n. novaehollandiae'' <small>(Stephens 1826)</small> (Australian little grebe)
** ''T. n. fumosus'' <small>(Mayr 1943)</small>
** ''T. n. incola'' <small>(Mayr 1943)</small>
** ''T. n. javanicus'' <small>(Mayr 1943)</small>
** ''T. n. leucosternos'' <small>(Mayr 1931)</small>
** ''T. n. rennellianus'' <small>(Mayr 1943)</small>
*[[Madagascar grebe]] ''Tachybaptus pelzelnii'' <small>(Hartlaub 1861)</small>
*[[Tricolored grebe]] ''Tachybaptus tricolor'' <small>(Gray 1861)</small>
** ''T. t. tricolor'' <small>(Gray 1861)</small>
** ''T. t. collaris'' <small>(Mayr 1945)</small>
** ''T. t. vulcanorum'' <small>(Rensch 1929)</small>
*†[[Alaotra grebe]] ''Tachybaptus rufolavatus'' <small>(Delacour 1932)</small> (extinct 2010)
|-
|[[File:Poliocephalus poliocephalus RB.jpg|175px]] ||''[[Poliocephalus (bird)|Poliocephalus]]'' {{small|Selby, 1840}} || 
* [[Hoary-headed grebe]] ''Poliocephalus poliocephalus'' <small>(Jardine & Selby 1827)</small>
* [[New Zealand grebe]] ''Poliocephalus rufopectus'' <small>(Gray 1843)</small>
|-
|[[File:101 - CLARK'S GREBE (5-18-08) santa margarita lake, sloco, ca (2) (8722134244).jpg|175px]] ||''[[Aechmophorus]]'' {{small|Coues, 1862}} ||
* [[Western grebe]] ''Aechmophorus occidentalis'' <small>(Lawrence 1858)</small>
** ''A. o. occidentalis'' <small>(Lawrence 1858)</small>
** ''A. o. ephemeralis'' <small>Dickerman 1986</small>
* [[Clark's grebe]] ''Aechmophorus clarkii'' <small>(Lawrence 1858)</small>
** ''A. c. clarkii'' <small>(Lawrence 1858)</small>
** ''A. c. transitionalis'' <small>Dickerman 1986</small>
|-
|[[File:Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) (14).JPG|175px]] ||''[[Podiceps]]'' {{small|Latham 1787}} ||
*[[Horned grebe]] or Slavonian grebe, ''Podiceps auritus'' <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small>
** ''P. a. auritus'' <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> (Slavonian grebe)
** ''P. a. cornutus'' <small>(Gmelin 1789)</small> (horned grebe)
*[[Great crested grebe]] ''Podiceps cristatus'' <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small>
** ''P. c. cristatus'' <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> (Eurasian great crested grebe)
** ''P. c. australis'' <small>Gould 1844</small> (Australasian great crested grebe)
** ''P. c. infuscatus'' <small>Salvadori 1884</small> (African great crested grebe)
*[[Hooded grebe]] ''Podiceps gallardoi'' <small>Rumboll 1974</small>
* [[Red-necked grebe]] ''Podiceps grisegena'' <small>(Boddaert 1783)</small>
** ''P. g. grisegena'' <small>(Boddaert 1783)</small> (European red-necked grebe)
** ''P. g. holbollii'' <small>Reinhardt 1853</small> (Holbøll's grebe)
*[[Great grebe]] ''Podiceps major'' <small>(Boddaert 1783) Bochenski 1994</small>
** ''P. m. major'' <small>(Boddaert 1783)</small>
** ''P. m. navasi'' <small>Manghi 1984</small>
* [[Black-necked grebe]] or eared grebe ''Podiceps nigricollis'' <small>Brehm 1831</small>
** ''P. n. nigricollis'' <small>Brehm 1831</small> (Eurasian black-necked grebe)
** ''P. n. gurneyi'' <small>(Roberts 1919)</small> (African black-necked grebe)
** ''P. n. californicus'' <small>(Heermann, 1854)</small> (eared grebe)
* [[Silvery grebe]] ''Podiceps occipitalis'' <small>Garnot 1826</small>
** ''P. o. occipitalis'' <small>Garnot 1826</small> (southern silvery grebe)
** ''P. o. juninensis'' <small>von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894</small> (northern silvery grebe)
* [[Junin grebe|Junín grebe]] ''Podiceps taczanowskii'' <small>von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894</small>
* †[[Colombian grebe]] ''Podiceps andinus'' <small>(Meyer de Schauensee 1959)</small> (extinct 1977)
|-
|[[File:Rollandia rolland-swims.jpg|175px]] ||''[[Rollandia (bird)|Rollandia]]'' {{small|Bonaparte, 1856}} ||
* [[Titicaca grebe]] ''Rollandia microptera'' <small>Gould 1868</small>
* [[White-tufted grebe]] ''Rollandia rolland'' <small>Quoy & Gaimard 1824</small>
** ''R. r. rolland'' <small>Quoy & Gaimard 1824</small> (Falkland white-tufted grebe)
** ''R. r. chilensis'' <small>Lesson 1828</small> (Chilean white-tufted grebe)
** ''R. r. morrisoni'' <small>Simmons 1962</small> (Junín white-tufted grebe)
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