Editing HSBC (section)

===Creation of the HSBC Group===
[[File:Striking new offices on the Thames near London Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 2280747.jpg|thumb|Building at 10 [[Thames Street, London|Lower Thames Street]] in London, completed in 1989, occupied by [[Samuel Montagu & Co.]], then used by HSBC Holdings as global head office from 1993 to relocation to Canary Wharf in 2002–2003; eventually sold by the bank in May 2011<ref>{{cite web |website=Evening Standard |title=HSBC loses £22.6m on HQ sale |author=Ben Laurance and Michael Gillard |date=13 April 2012 |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/hsbc-loses-ps22-6m-on-hq-sale-6963282.html }}</ref>]]

On 6 October 1989, it was registered as a regulated bank with the  [[Hong Kong Monetary Authority#History|Banking Commissioner of the Government of Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/CurAllEngDoc/D8C2D918B6855482482575EE0036EC7E/$FILE/CAP_70_e_b5.pdf|title=The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Ordinance (Number 6 of 1929) (Chapter 70, 1950)), amended by L.N. 333 of 1989|access-date=21 June 2015|publisher=Legislative Council of Hong Kong (reproduced and digitalised by the Department of Justice, Government of Hongkong Special Administrative Region)}}</ref>

HSBC Holdings plc, originally incorporated in England and Wales,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/document-api-images-prod/docs/gvHb4DeBPyq_iHzb5lbTglud6aN_4aZV2pmZ_TifGaY/application-pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIAIMEGSGYVHXMEEJTQ&Expires=1434936728&Signature=ofveDkn7iBiuhsNwIJVrgOVy6HU%3D&x-amz-security-token=AQoDYXdzEJn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEa0APp9I6Xrb12gkHCCrtrtYXkVSFOt5N%2FZwdsgoS%2F6uNxVvbAWz143kGwHMth4qPYupx5lnWmlnGM6yn%2BScZawtTDrIKnMPvWol6PpoIVh93GhmKQgqAPiD2Y7DrtvDH4RcxlwC3N8Bl0Y4VrUU0BPGBWqwyxwpm%2FB3GvHh2I1ze%2F2b5pKy43mGT2J4H2OoZ1A21AI3Jh8SFP7hdFOhcRdM4nuLe%2FUj3arTJlxxe5n5M8i1GwZ7OcfWqG52Xgf0CUI3iYtlkW2N957NMueqyhWmsTPseCzxAaxznFk72GlznDmIb39wbEnM%2F%2F4w%2FIzj8WaJEPgSZnWR3AUTu6B3WoYkcwM8U558XIIxjSzwOZwrGtX0tbbXRN1X8G%2Fc2reUJPLG8mHQANnchvqEsyVUkA2eq%2Fnx5raKDUu9fDMMdUBw%2F10EFLN%2Flkfg9tnTU%2B64L95XA2l2o0Kf6s1l91PzKPbmGbURHB4MXWgXj2jm5neJZf9ncY%2FGon4W2jWYWgkbRfo7PNZE%2BnitOKxgGDpXZHatS7aQF8Pypvtn8K5nrQDxJiC58TYg2yChoO0uU0hBtSbbm%2FSEBDZWsK4fQfXrGjZ64HCe3EWvvqMWmw3yuGOUNIDiCUm52sBQ%3D%3D|title=Memorandum of Association of HSBC Holdings PLC dated the 18th. January 1956 and received on the 1st. January 1959 (as amended by Special Resolutions passed on the 20th. July 1981 and on the 18th. December 1990), Re-registration of Memorandum and Articles, dated the 24. December 1990, and stamped by Companies House on the 21st. December 1998, page 1, note 1|access-date=21 June 2015|publisher=HSBC Holdings PLC (reproduced and digitalised by Companies House)}}{{dead link|date=June 2017}}</ref> was a non-trading, dormant [[shelf company]] when it completed its transformation on 25 March 1991<ref name=takeover /> into the parent holding company to the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited now as a subsidiary, in preparation for its purchase of the UK-based [[Midland Bank]] and the impending [[handover of Hong Kong|transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong]] to China. HSBC Holdings' acquisition of Midland Bank was completed in 1992 and gave HSBC a substantial market presence in the United Kingdom. As part of the takeover conditions for the acquisition of the bank thereof, HSBC Holdings plc was required to relocate its world headquarters from Hong Kong to London in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/616791/hong-kong-has-probably-lost-hsbcs-headquarters-for-good-and-beijing-is-to-blame/|title=Hong Kong has probably lost HSBC's headquarters for good—and Beijing is to blame|date=15 February 2016 |access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref>

Major acquisitions in South America started with the purchase of the Banco Bamerindus of Brazil for $1&nbsp;billion in March 1997<ref>{{Cite news | url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9504E6D9143AF93BA15750C0A961958260 | work=The New York Times | title=HSBC Buys Bamerindus, Brazil Bank, For Billion | date=28 March 1997}}</ref> and the acquisition of Roberts SA de Inversiones of Argentina for $600&nbsp;million in May 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukbusinesspark.co.uk/hsbcaaaa.htm |title=HSBC |publisher=UK Business Park |access-date=18 April 2011 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220085827/http://www.ukbusinesspark.co.uk/hsbcaaaa.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> In May 1999, HSBC expanded its presence in the United States with the purchase of [[Republic New York|Republic National Bank of New York]] for $10.3&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news | url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A06EFDC153FF932A25756C0A96F958260 | work=The New York Times | title=Bank Group to Buy Republic New York | date=11 May 1999}}</ref>