Editing Hackney carriage (section)

==Black cabs==
[[File:1937BeardmoreTaxi.jpg|thumb|Until the late 1950s, vehicles licensed as London taxis were required to be provided with a luggage platform, open to the street, on the pavement (sidewalk) side, at the front, beside the driver,<ref name="britishblackcab/fairway_history">{{cite web |title=Fairway History |url=http://britishblackcab.free.fr/fairway_history.html |website=British Black Cab |access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref><ref>[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/67/pdfs/ukpga_19850067_en.pdf?section-41-3-a Transport Act 1985] – Legislation.gov.uk</ref><ref name="lvta/history">{{cite web |title=London Taxi History |url=http://lvta.co.uk/history.htm |website=LVTA |access-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130707052853/http://lvta.co.uk/history.htm |archive-date=7 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="bbc/a2183483">{{cite web |last1=Absolon |first1=John |title=Taxi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/83/a2183483.shtml |website=WW2 People's War |publisher=BBC |access-date=9 December 2022 |location=Sough, East England |date=1940}}</ref> in place of the front passenger seat found on other passenger cars (including taxis licensed for use in other British cities).]]
Though there has never been law requiring London's taxis to be black, they were, since the end of the Second World War, sold in a standard colour of black. This, in the 1970s gave rise within the minicab trade to the nickname 'black cab' and it has become common currency. However, before the Second World War, London's cabs were seen in a variety of colours. They are produced in a variety of colours, sometimes in advertising brand [[livery|liveries]] (see below). Fifty golden cabs were produced for the [[Elizabeth II|Queen's]] [[Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Golden Jubilee]] celebrations in 2002.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1871142.stm ''Golden times for black cabs''], bbc.co.uk, 13 March 2002</ref>

===Vehicle design===

In Edwardian times, [[Renault]] and [[Unic]], but also smaller players like [[Charron (automobile)|Charron]] and [[Darracq and Company London|Darracq]] were to be found.<ref name=AC4459a/> [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|Fiat]] was also a presence, with their importer d'Arcy Baker running a fleet of 400 cars of the brand. In the 1920s, [[William Beardmore and Company|Beardmore]] cabs were introduced and became for a while the most popular. They were nicknamed 'the Rolls-Royce of cabs' for their comfort and robustness. Maxwell Monson introduced [[Citroën]] cabs, which were cheaper, but crude in comparison to the Beardmore. In 1930 dealers Mann and Overton struck a deal with the  [[Austin Motor Company|Austin]] to bring a modified version of the Austin 12/4 car to the London taxi market. This established Austin as dominant until the end of the 1970s and Mann and Overton until 2012. The [[Austin FX4]], launched in 1958, which stayed in production until 1997 under successive manufacturers is perhaps the most iconic and recognised of all hackney carriages and set the basic styling parameters of its successors.

[[Morris Motors|Morrises]]  cabs were also seen, in small numbers, but after the Second World War, produced the Oxford, made by [[Wolseley Motors|Wolseleys]].<ref name=AC4459a/>

[[File:A TX4 Taxi at Heathrow Airport Terminal 5.jpg|thumb|left|A [[TX4]] hackney carriage at [[Heathrow Airport]] [[Heathrow Terminal 5|Terminal 5]].]]
Outside of London, the regulations governing the hackney cab trade are different. Four-door [[Sedan (automobile)|saloon cars]] have been highly popular as hackney carriages, but with disability regulations growing in strength and some councils offering free licensing for disabled-friendly vehicles, many operators are now opting for wheelchair-adapted taxis such as the LEVC TX of [[London Electric Vehicle Company]] (LEVC). London taxis have broad rear doors that open very wide (or slide), and an electrically controlled ramp that is extended for access.<ref>{{Cite web |title=London Wheelchair Taxis with Ramps |work=Wheelchair Travel |date=2021 |access-date=17 April 2021 |url= https://wheelchairtravel.org/london/taxis/}}</ref> 

Other models of specialist taxis include the [[Peugeot E7]] and rivals from Fiat, Ford, Volkswagen, and Mercedes-Benz. These vehicles normally allow six or seven passengers, although some models can accommodate eight. Some of these [[minibus]] taxis include a front passenger seat next to the driver, while others reserve this space solely for luggage.

[[File:Black London Cab.jpg|thumb|right|An [[Austin FX4|FX4]], made from 1958 to 1997. The for hire signage is a distinguishing feature of the hackney carriage.]]
London taxis must have a [[Turning radius|turning circle]] not greater than {{convert|8.535|m|0|abbr=on}}. One reason for this is the configuration of the famed [[Savoy Hotel]]: the hotel entrance's small [[roundabout]] meant that vehicles needed the small turning circle to navigate it. That requirement became the legally required turning circles for all London cabs, while the custom of a passenger's sitting on the right, behind the driver, provided a reason for the [[Right- and left-hand traffic|right-hand traffic]] in [[Savoy Hotel#Savoy Court|Savoy Court]], allowing hotel patrons to board and alight from the driver's side.<ref name=GuardianSavoy>{{ cite journal | url = https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,5753,-1501,00.html | title = Why does traffic entering and leaving the Savoy Hotel in London drive on the right? | journal = [[The Guardian]] | publisher = Guardian News and Media Limited | access-date = 26 May 2017 }}</ref>

[[File:Paddington Trail - The Bear Of London.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|A hackney carriage featuring in a London-themed [[Paddington Bear]] statue in Trafalgar Square, 2014]]
The design standards for London taxis are set out in the ''[[Conditions of Fitness]]'', which are now published by [[Transport for London]]. The first edition was published in May 1906, by the Public Carriage Office, which was then part of the [[Metropolitan Police]]. These regulations set out the conditions under which a taxi may operate and have been updated over the years to keep pace with motor car development and legislation. Changes include regulating the [[taximeter]] (made compulsory in 1907), advertisements and the turning circle of {{convert|8.535|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="LVTA"/><ref name=conditions>{{cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/taxi-conditions-of-fitness-update-2019.pdf |title=Construction and Licensing of Motor Taxis for Use in London: Conditions of Fitness, as updated 17 September 2019|publisher=[[Transport for London]]: Public Carriage Office |date=17 September 2019 |access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref> Until the beginning of the 1980s, London Taxis were not allowed to carry any advertisements.<ref name=AC4459a/> 

The London Taxis fleet has been fully accessible since 1 January 2000,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=London Taxis – Monday 16 January 1989 – Hansard – UK Parliament |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1989-01-16/debates/b4eae333-4828-470a-a49b-455f29bd6414/LondonTaxis |access-date=2021-08-25 |website=hansard.parliament.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mashburn |first=Rick |date=18 April 2004 |title=Rolling Along in London |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/18/travel/rolling-along-in-london.html |access-date=2021-08-26 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> following the introduction of the first accessible taxi in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taxicab History |url=https://london-taxi.co.uk/taxicab-history/ |access-date=2021-08-25 |website=London-Taxi |language=en-US |quote=It was the first London cab to fully wheelchair accessible and to be licensed by the Public Carriage Office to carry four passengers.}}</ref> On 14 December 2010, [[Mayor of London]] [[Boris Johnson]] released an air quality strategy paper encouraging phasing out of the oldest of the LT cabs, and proposing a £1m fund to encourage taxi owners to upgrade to low-emission vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Emissions standards for taxis |url=https://www.tfl.gov.uk/info-for/taxis-and-private-hire/emissions-standards-for-taxis |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref> Since 2018, all newly registered taxis in London must be zero emission, and {{As of|2023|December|lc=y}} more than half of the 14,700 fleet is zero emission capable.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=6 December 2023 |title=More than half of London's black taxis are zero emission capable |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2023/december/more-than-half-of-london-s-black-taxis-are-zero-emission-capable |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB}}</ref>

As part of the [[Transported by Design]] programme of activities,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/campaign/transported-by-design |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417060006/https://tfl.gov.uk/campaign/transported-by-design |title=Transported by Design |archivedate=17 April 2016}}</ref> on 15 October 2015, after two months of public voting, the black cab was elected by Londoners as their favourite transport design icon.<ref>[https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/press-and-media/news/595-london-s-transport-design-icons-announced London's transport ‘Design Icons’ announced] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331004853/http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/press-and-media/news/595-london-s-transport-design-icons-announced |date=31 March 2016 }}, ltmuseum.co.uk; accessed 26 May 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.timeout.com/london/blog/transported-by-design-vote-for-your-favourite-part-of-london-transport-080415 Transported By Design: Vote for your favourite part of London transport], timeout.com; accessed 26 May 2017.</ref>

In 2017, the [[LEVC TX]] was introduced – a purpose built hackney carriage, built as a [[plug-in hybrid]] [[Range extender (vehicle)|range-extender electric vehicle]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2,500th LEVC TX taxi rolls off production line |url=https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/car-news/98450/2500th-levc-tx-taxi-rolls-off-production-line |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=Auto Express |language=en}}</ref> By April 2022, over 5,000 TX's had been sold in London, around a third of London's taxi fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2022 |title=LEVC CELEBRATES SALE OF 5000TH TX ELECTRIC TAXI IN LONDON |url=https://levc.com/levc-celebrates-sale-of-5000th-tx-electric-taxi-in-london/ |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=LEVC |language=en-US}}</ref> In October 2019 the first fully electric cab since the Bersey in 1897, the Dynamo Taxi, was launched with a 187-mile range and with the bodywork based on [[Nissan NV200|Nissan's NV200]] platform.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electric London black cab launches with 187-mile range {{!}} Autocar |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/electric-london-black-cab-launches-187-mile-range |access-date=2019-10-24 |website=www.autocar.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2019 |title=First 100% electric black cab for 120 years launches in London |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/23/first-100-electric-black-cab-for-120-years-launches-in-london |website=The Guardian}}</ref>

===Driver qualification===
In London, hackney-carriage drivers have to pass a test called [[Taxicabs of the United Kingdom#The Knowledge|The Knowledge]] to demonstrate that they have an intimate knowledge of the geography of London streets, important buildings, etc. Learning The Knowledge allows the driver to become a member of the [[Worshipful Company of Hackney Carriage Drivers]]. There are two types of badge, a yellow one for the suburban areas and a green one for all of London. The latter is considered far more difficult. Drivers who own their cabs as opposed to renting from a garage are known as "mushers" and those who have just passed the "knowledge" are known as "butter boys".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/09/history-london-black-cabs The history of London's black cabs], theguardian.com, 9 December 2012.</ref> There are currently around 21,000 black cabs in London, licensed by the Public Carriage Office.<ref>[http://www.kabsure.co.uk/public-carriage-office.html About the Public Carriage Office], {{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/751202/taxi-and-phv-england-2018.pdf|title=Taxi and Private Hire Vehicle Statistics, England: 2018 |page=2}}</ref>

Elsewhere, councils have their own regulations. Some merely require a driver to pass a [[Disclosure and Barring Service|DBS]] disclosure and have a reasonably clean driving licence, while others use their own local versions of London's The Knowledge test.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

===Notable drivers===
*Alfred Collins, who retired in 2007 at the age of 92, was the oldest cab driver and had been driving for 70 years.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/6470443.stm Longest serving cabbie honoured], bbc.co.uk; accessed 26 May 2017.</ref> 
*[[Fred Housego]] is a former London taxi driver who became a television and radio personality and presenter after winning the BBC television quiz ''[[Mastermind (TV series)|Mastermind]]'' in 1980.<ref name="observer">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2003/feb/09/features.magazine107|title=What happened next?|publisher=[[The Observer]]|last=de Garis|first=Kirsty|date=9 February 2003|access-date=7 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3046254.stm|title=Take our Mastermind quiz|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=7 July 2003|access-date=7 June 2014}}</ref> 
*[[Clive Efford]], [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP for the London constituency of [[Eltham]], was a cab driver for 10 years before entering [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|parliament]] in 1997.

===Private users===
Oil millionaire [[Nubar Gulbenkian]] owned an Austin FX3 Brougham Sedanca taxi, with custom coachwork by FLM Panelcraft Ltd as he was quoted "because it turns on a [[Sixpence (British coin)|sixpence]] whatever that is."<ref>The sixpence was the smallest coin in circulation, so the phrase was a [[hyperbole]] meaning that it had a tight turning radius.</ref> Gulbenkian had two such taxis built, the second of which was built on an FX4 chassis and was sold at auction by [[Bonhams]] for $39,600 in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/22792/lot/42/|title=Bonhams The millionaire Paul Mellon wants to buy Gulbenkian's FX3, but Gulbenkian would not sell, but did allow Mellon to have replica built. This was also constructed by FLM Panelcraft, but on an FX4 chassis and was fitted with an American Ford 6-cylinder engine and automatic gearbox, as Mellon kept it in the USA: The ex-Nubar Gulbenkian,1960 AUSTIN FX4 BROUGHAM SEDANCA Chassis no. FX4AT033U010|website=www.bonhams.com}}</ref> Other celebrities are known to have used hackney carriages both for their anonymity and their ruggedness and manoeuvrability in London traffic. Users included [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], whose cab was converted to run on [[liquefied petroleum gas]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page3631.asp|title=Prince Philip's taxi|publisher=Royal.gov.uk|access-date=20 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016095223/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page3631.asp|archive-date=16 October 2008}}</ref> author and actor [[Stephen Fry]],<ref>[http://www.stephenfry.com/blog/2008/10/10/stephen-fry-in-america ''Stephen Fry in America''], stephenfry.com, 10 October 2008.</ref> and the [[Sheriffs of the City of London]]. A black cab was used in the band [[Oasis (band)|Oasis's]] video for the song "[[Don't Look Back in Anger]]." Black cabs were used as recording studios for indie band performances and other performances in the [[Black Cab Sessions]] internet project.

''[[Ghosthunting With...]]'' featured a black cab owned by host of the show, [[Yvette Fielding]]. [[Bez (dancer)|Bez]] of the [[Happy Mondays]] owns one, shown on the UK edition of ''[[Pimp My Ride]]''. [[Noel Edmonds]] used a black cab to commute from his home to the ''[[Deal or No Deal]]'' studios in [[Bristol]].  He placed a dressed mannequin in the back so that he could use special bus/taxi lanes, and so that people would not attempt to hail his cab.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://uk.motor1.com/news/281925/noel-edmonds-taxi/ |title=Noel Edmonds dodged traffic by illegally driving a taxi in Bristol |work=motor1.com |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=2020-08-25}}</ref>

The official car of the Governor of the [[Falkland Islands]] between 1976 and 2010 was a London taxi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.20773 |title=Rex Hunt, Governor of the Falkland Islands|publisher=Imperial War Museum|access-date=20 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806224821/http://www.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.20773|archive-date=6 August 2011}}</ref>

===In other countries===
[[File:Wetzikon - Bahnhofstrasse - Wildbach 2010-07-01 12-24-20 ShiftN savagely cropped.jpg|thumb|left|A London taxi (TXII model) in Switzerland]]

Between 2003 and 1 August 2009 the London taxi model [[TXII]] could be purchased in the United States. Today there are approximately 250 TXIIs in the US, operating as taxis in San Francisco, [[Dallas]], [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], [[Houston]], [[New Orleans]], [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]], [[Newport, Rhode Island]], [[Wilmington, North Carolina]] and [[Portland, Oregon]]. There are also a few operating in [[Ottawa|Ottawa, Ontario]], Canada. The largest London taxi rental fleet in North America is in Wilmington, owned by The British Taxi Company. There are London cabs in Saudi Arabia, Romania, South Africa, Lebanon, Egypt, Bahrain and Cyprus, and in Israel, where a Chinese-made version of LTI's model [[TX4]] built by [[Geely Automobile]] is available. In February 2010, a number of TX4s started operating in [[Pristina]], [[Kosovo]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://unmik.unmissions.org/united-nations-resolution-1244 | title=United Nations Resolution 1244 | date=18 January 2016 }}</ref> and are known as London Taxi.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ben-Gedalyahu|first=Dubi|title=Eldan to sell Chinese 'London taxi'|newspaper=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]]|location=Tel Aviv|date=18 August 2009|url=http://archive.globes.co.il/searchgl/Eldan%20to%20sell%20Chinese%20%22London%20taxi%22_h_hd_2L34nDZ8oD5mnC30mD3amE3WvBcXqRMm0.html|access-date=18 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224182107/http://archive.globes.co.il/searchgl/Eldan%20to%20sell%20Chinese%20%22London%20taxi%22_h_hd_2L34nDZ8oD5mnC30mD3amE3WvBcXqRMm0.html|archive-date=24 February 2012}}</ref>

In the United States, the [[Boston Police Department|police department]] of the city of [[Boston]] has a Hackney Carriage Unit, analogous to taxicab regulators in other cities, that issues ''Hackney Carriage'' [[taxi medallion|medallions]] to its taxi operators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Boston Police Hackney Carriage Unit |url=http://www.cityofboston.gov/police/hackney |access-date=20 November 2011 |publisher=Cityofboston.gov}}</ref>
[[File:SHB786K - London Cab TX4 in Singapore, SMRT owned front view.jpg|thumb|A London taxi (TX4 model) in Singapore]]

Singapore has used London-style cabs since 1992; starting with the "Fairway". The flag-down fares for the London Taxis are the same as for other taxis. [[SMRT Corporation]], the sole operator, had by March 2013 replaced its fleet of 15 ageing multi-coloured (gold, pink, etc.) taxis with new white ones. They are the only wheelchair-accessible taxis in Singapore, and were brought back following an outcry after the removal of the service.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

[[File:Bakutaxi.jpg|thumb|A London taxi (TX4 model) in Baku]]

By 2011 a thousand of a Chinese-made version of LTI's latest model, TX4, had been ordered by Baku Taxi Company. The plan is part of a program originally announced by [[Ministry of Transportation (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijan's Ministry of Transportation]] to introduce London cabs to the capital, [[Baku]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Meidment|first=Neil|title=Manganese Bronze seals biggest London taxi order|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-manganese-bronze-idUSTRE7225WO20110303|publisher=Reuters|access-date=4 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jaglom|first=Ben|title=Manganese takes black cab to Azerbaijan|url=http://www.growthcompany.co.uk/news/1607588/manganese-takes-black-cab-to-azerbaijan.thtml|access-date=4 March 2011|archive-date=7 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307042107/http://www.growthcompany.co.uk/news/1607588/manganese-takes-black-cab-to-azerbaijan.thtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The move was part of a £16&nbsp;million agreement between the London Taxi Company and Baku Taxi Company.<ref>{{cite web|title=1,000 London taxis for Azerbaijan|url=http://business.scotsman.com/business/1000-London-taxis-for-Azerbaijan.6728118.jp|access-date=4 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=British firm wins £16m Azerbaijan order for its Chinese built taxis|url=http://www.worksmanagement.co.uk/article/31946/British-firm-wins-16m-Azerbaijan-order-for-its-Chinese-built-taxis.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505132109/http://www.worksmanagement.co.uk/article/31946/British-firm-wins-16m-Azerbaijan-order-for-its-Chinese-built-taxis.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 May 2013|access-date=4 March 2011}}</ref>
[[File:TOYOTA JPNTAXI Nihonkotsu Taxi.jpg|thumb|A Nihon Kotsu Toyota JPN Taxi]]

Although the [[LEVC TX]] is more expensive and exceeds the Japanese [[Vehicle size class#Japan|size classifications]] to gain the tax advantages Japanese livery drivers enjoy with the similarly designed but smaller Toyota JPN Taxi, [[Geely]] has attempted to break into the Japanese market.<ref name="LEVC Japan">{{cite news |last1=Mihalascu |first1=Dan |title=LEVC TX Electrified London Black Cab Lands In Japan, Targets Toyota's JPN Taxi |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2020/01/levc-tx-electrified-london-black-cab-lands-in-japan-targets-toyotas-jpn-taxi/ |publisher=Carscoops |date=17 January 2020}}</ref> Alternatively, while the [[Toyota JPN Taxi]] doesn't meet the passenger capacity or turning radius [[Conditions of Fitness]] required by [[Taxis of the United Kingdom#TfL Taxi and Private Hire office|Transport for London]], it does meet the emissions and [[accessibility]] requirements that may make it an ideal option for cities outside of London without the seating requirements or as a private hire vehicle while still evoking the familiar black cab profile.<ref name="JPN Taxi UK">{{cite news |last1=Richardson |first1=Perry |title=The Toyota JPN Taxi: Changing the Asian landscape, can it change the UK's? |url=https://www.taxi-point.co.uk/post/2019/01/29/the-toyota-jpn-taxi-changing-the-asian-landscape-can-it-change-the-uk-s |publisher=Taxi Point |date=29 January 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Beijing_London_Taxi.jpg|thumb|A London taxi in Beijing]]
During the [[2008 Olympic Games]], there were about 100 Hackney carriages operating in Beijing.

===Variety of models===
There have been different makes and types of hackney cab through the years,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london-taxi.co.uk/taxi/taxicab-history.htm|title=Taxicab Make And Model History|publisher=London-taxi.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420100149/http://www.london-taxi.co.uk/taxi/taxicab-history.htm|archive-date=20 April 2012}}</ref> including:
* [[Mann & Overton]] – including [[Carbodies]], [[The London Taxi Company]] and currently [[London EV Company]] 
** [[Unic]] sold in London from 1906 to 1930s
** [[Austin London Taxicab]]
** [[Austin FX3]]
** [[Austin FX4|Austin/Carbodies/LTI FX4 and Fairway]]
** [[TX1|LTI TX1]], [[TXII]] and [[TX4]]
** [[LEVC TX]] ([[plug-in hybrid]] [[Range extender (vehicle)|range-extender]])
* [[Mercedes-Benz]]
** [[Mercedes-Benz Vito#Vito London Taxi|Vito W639]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-03/london-black-cab-crisis-opens-road-to-mercedes-minivans.html|work=Bloomberg|title=London Black-Cab Crisis Opens Road to Mercedes Minivans|date=3 December 2012}}</ref>
*[[Morris Commercial Cars#Taxicabs|Morris]]
** [[Nuffield Oxford Taxi]]
* London General Cab Co.
** [[Citroën]]
* [[William Beardmore and Company|Beardmore]]
** [[William Beardmore and Company#Cars and taxis|Beardmore Marks I to VII]]
* [[Metrocab]] (originally formed by [[Metro Cammell Weymann]])
** [[MCW Metrocab|MCW/Reliant/Hooper Metrocab]]
* Dynamo Motor Company
** [[Nissan NV200#Nissan e-NV200 London Taxi/Dynamo Taxi|Dynamo Taxi]]([[Nissan NV200]] based)

===Use in advertising===
<gallery widths="200" heights="160">
File:Hackney Carriage Black Cab Digital Advertising TaxiTop Eyetease.jpg|An example of an Eyetease digital screen on top of a hackney carriage
File:14-08-09-london-taxi-RalfR-11.jpg|[[Primelocation]] livery
File:14-08-09-london-taxi-RalfR-07.jpg|[[Vodafone]] livery
File:14-08-09-london-taxi-RalfR-06.jpg|[[Vita Coco]] livery
</gallery>

In October 2011 the company Eyetease Ltd. introduced digital screens on the roofs of London taxis for dynamically changing location-specific advertising.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Mark Prigg|title=The video screen coming to a cab near you|url=http://prigg.thisislondon.co.uk/2011/10/the-video-screen-coming-to-a-cab-near-you-soon.html|website=ThisIsLondon|publisher=London Evening Standard|access-date=17 July 2015|date=11 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231022422/http://prigg.thisislondon.co.uk/2011/10/the-video-screen-coming-to-a-cab-near-you-soon.html|archive-date=31 December 2011}}</ref>