Editing Hawaiian architecture (section)

==Renaissance==
[[Image:Iolani Palace (1328).JPG|thumb|left|{{okina}}Iolani Palace.]]
While Kamehameha IV succeeded in developing the Hawaiian Gothic style, Kamehameha V fathered Hawaiian Renaissance architecture.  Commissioned in 1850, the last king of the [[House of Kamehameha]] originally planned [[Aliiolani Hale|Ali{{okina}}iōlani Hale]] to be his royal palace inspired by the sleek beauty of historic [[Italy|Italian]] structures.  In the middle of its construction, the building was changed to become the kingdom's government center.  Renaissance comes from the French word for rebirth.  Hawaiian renaissance was therefore a rebirth of traditional [[Roman architecture|Roman]] architectural principles of aesthetics but also included concepts derived from [[Hawaiiana]].  Elegant facades had petite columns and wide verandas and walls that seemed to crinkle.  Curves and ornamentation were important.

When [[Kalākaua]] became king, he shared in his predecessor's delight with Hawaiian renaissance architecture.  He also shared in Kamehameha V's dream of building a world-class royal palace befitting of a modern monarchy such as that of Hawai{{okina}}i to rival the famed palaces of Europe.  {{okina}}Iolani Palace was finished in 1882 and did fulfill Kalākaua's expectations.  Considered the finest example of Hawaiian renaissance architecture, {{okina}}Iolani Palace became a world-famous royal landmark. This building has been categorized as the only example of American Florentine architecture anywhere in the world.{{cn|date=September 2022}}<ref group="note">The term "Florentine architecture" has been applied elsewhere, whether or not describing exactly the same style as here.  The term [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] is a general term which includes "Florentine" influence; some works termed that might qualify as "Florentine", depending on how that is defined.  The [[Woodbury Branch Library]], built in 1913 in [[Denver, Colorado]], was described at the time of its construction "as Florentine in style", per a [https://npgallery.nps.gov/nrhp/GetAsset?assetID=ab28bdc4-d33c-47ce-ac37-ca4a6a7b5498 1986 National Register of Historic Places study of the Denver parks and parkways system].</ref>

In addition to his contributions to the development of Hawaiian renaissance architecture, Kalākaua experimented with various other styles.  One of his other famous building projects is the completion of [[Iolani Barracks|{{okina}}Iolani Barracks]].  Constructed adjacent to {{okina}}Iolani Palace and across the street from Ali{{okina}}iōlani Hale, {{okina}}Iolani Barracks housed the royal guards.  It resembles a [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[castle]] with [[Crenellation|crenelated]] [[parapet]]s and towers.