Editing History of the ancient Levant (section)

==Copper Age==
===Kish civilization===
{{Main|Kish civilization}}
The Kish civilization or Kish tradition is a concept created by [[Ignace Gelb]] and discarded by more recent scholarship,<ref name=WS>{{cite book |last= Sommerfeld |first= Walter |chapter= The "Kish Civilization" |pages= 545–547 |editor-last= Vita |editor-first= Juan-Pablo |title= History of the Akkadian Language |volume= 1 |publisher= BRILL |series= Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East |year= 2021 |isbn= 9789004445215 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hyU9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA545 |access-date= 23 February 2022}}</ref> which Gelb placed in what he called the early [[East Semitic languages|East Semitic]] era in [[Mesopotamia]] and the [[Levant]], starting in the early 4th millennium BC. The concept encompassed the sites of [[Ebla]] and [[Mari, Syria|Mari]] in the Levant, [[Tell Brak|Nagar]] in the north,<ref>{{cite book |author= Ristvet, Lauren |title= Ritual, Performance, and Politics in the Ancient Near East |page= 217 |year= 2014 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn= 9781107065215 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GE1sBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA217}}</ref> and the proto-[[Akkadian Empire#City-state of Akkad|Akkadian]] sites of [[Abu Salabikh]] and [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]] in central Mesopotamia, which constituted the Uri region as it was known to the [[Sumer]]ians.<ref name=Donald>{{cite book |last= Van De Mieroop |first= Marc |author-link= Marc Van De Mieroop |title= In Search of Prestige: Foreign Contacts and the Rise of an Elite in Early Dynastic Babylonia |editor= Erica Ehrenberg |series= Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen |page= 125-137 [133] |isbn= 9781575060552 |year= 2002 |publisher= Eisenbrauns |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6lDgYxV0DN8C&pg=PA133}}</ref> The Kish civilisation was considered to end with the rise of the [[Akkadian empire]] in the 24th century BC.<ref name="Rebecca2">{{Cite book |last=Hasselbach |first=Rebecca |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eiHXt0yIWiIC&pg=PA4 |title=Sargonic Akkadian: A Historical and Comparative Study of the Syllabic Texts |date=2005 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-05172-9 |pages=4 |language=en}}</ref>