Editing Hitachi (section)

=== Post-war reconstruction and expansion (1945-1990) ===
[[File:MARS1(1).jpg|thumb|MARS-1 central computer preserved at the [[Railway Museum (Saitama)|Railway Museum]]]]World War II and its aftermath significantly impacted Hitachi, leading to the destruction of factories, post-war internal discord, and the removal of founder Namihei Odaira by the [[Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers|Allied occupation forces]]. Hitachi went public in 1949, listing on the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange|Tokyo Exchange]] (TYO:6501). Odaira returned to the company in 1951 when the [[Purge (occupied Japan)|purge of key pre-war Japanese figures]] ended. However, he died in October of the same year at age 77.


In 1949, Hitachi built its first power shovel, marking the start of what is now [[Hitachi Construction Machinery]]. In 1960, Hitachi developed the world's first electric train seat reservation system, [[MARS (ticket reservation system)|MARS-1]], for [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR), allowing nationwide booking for express train seats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History (1910-1960) : Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/corporate/about/history/1910.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref> Around the same time, Hitachi began expanding its business overseas, with the establishment of Hitachi America, Ltd. 1959. In 1961, Hitachi began selling fully-automated washing machines and completed its first experimental nuclear reactor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History (1961-1980) : Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/corporate/about/history/1961.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref>[[File:JR tokai shinkansen 0kei.jpg|thumb|Hitachi played a crucial role in the development of the Shinkansen.]]In 1964, the world's first high-speed railway line, the [[Shinkansen]], opened. Hitachi not only built the [[0 Series Shinkansen|Series 0 rolling stock]] but also played a crucial part in developing the [[Automatic train control|Automatic Train Control]] system (ATC) and the {{Ill|Computer Aided Traffic Control System|lt=Computer-Aided Traffic Control System|ja|新幹線運行管理システム}} (COMTRAC). COMTRAC was the first {{Ill|Programmed Traffic Control|ja|列車運行管理システム}} (PTC) system, a [[Real-time computing|real-time]] [[Automation|automatic]] [[control system]] to control rail transport, which was installed on JNR's [[Tokaido Shinkansen]] and [[San'yō Shinkansen|Sanyo Shinkansen]] lines simultaneously with the extension from [[Shin-Ōsaka Station|Shin-Osaka Station]] to [[Okayama Station]] in 1972.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Shinkansen Traffic Management Systems : Railway Transportation Solutions : Hitachi |url=https://www.hitachi.com/products/it/control_sys/railway_solution/safety_transport/shinkansen.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref> In 1977, Hitachi completed the world's first fully [[MOX fuel|MOX]]-fuelled nuclear power station, [[Fugen Nuclear Power Plant|Fugen]]. MOX was seen as an efficient way of utilising [[plutonium]] from nuclear waste, which would otherwise have to be stored in security to ensure that it is not used to build nuclear weapons.

In 1978, Hitachi's Twin-Well Hi-[[CMOS]] process ushered in a new era in the global [[semiconductor industry]]. For instance, the Hitachi HM6147 chip, developed by a Hitachi team led by Toshiaki Masuhara, was able to match the Intel's flagship 2147 HMOS's performance with 87 per cent less power.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102738173 |title=Masuhara, Toshiaki oral history |date=2016-06-21 |publisher=Computer History Museum |others=Doug Fairbairn, Toshiaki Masuhara |location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref> Until the early 1980s, American semiconductor producers were focusing on the development and production of [[NMOS logic|NMOS]] transistors, with which they dominated the global market, while Hitachi invested heavily in developing efficient CMOS transistors. This success led to the world's three largest manufacturers by revenue all being Japanese companies by 1987, amongst which Hitachi was counted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHMJ {{!}} 80s Trends in the Semiconductor Industry |url=https://www.shmj.or.jp/english/trends/trd80s.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.shmj.or.jp}}</ref> Hitachi Europe, Ltd. was established in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History (1981-2000) : Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/corporate/about/history/1981.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref>