Editing Horsecar (section)

=== India ===
{{main|Trams in India}}
The first horse-drawn trams in India ran a {{convert|2.4|mi|km|adj=on}} distance between [[Sealdah]] and Armenian Ghat Street on 24 February 1873. The service was discontinued on 20 November of that year.<ref name="calcuttatramways.com">[http://www.calcuttatramways.com/history.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927004918/http://www.calcuttatramways.com/history.aspx|date=2013-09-27}} CTC website. Accessed 16 August 2013.</ref> The Calcutta Tramway Company was formed and registered in London on 22 December 1880. Metre-gauge horse-drawn tram tracks were laid from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat via Bowbazar Street, Dalhousie Square and Strand Road. The route was inaugurated by [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|Viceroy Ripon]] on 1 November 1880.<ref name="calcuttatramways.com"/> In 1882, steam locomotives were deployed experimentally to haul tram cars. By the end of the 19th century the company owned 166 tram cars, 1000 horses, seven steam locomotives and 19 miles of tram tracks.<ref name="calcuttatramways.com"/> In 1900, electrification of the tramway and reconstruction of its tracks to {{RailGauge|ussg}} ([[standard gauge]]) began.<ref name="calcuttatramways.com"/> In 1902, the first electric tramcar in India ran from [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]] to [[Kidderpore]] on 27 March and on 14 June from Esplanade to [[Kalighat]].

The Bombay Tramway Company was set up in 1873. After a contract was signed between the Bombay Tramway Company, the municipality and the Stearns and Kitteredge company, the Bombay Presidency enacted the Bombay Tramways Act, 1874 licensing the company to run a horsecar tram service in the city.<ref>{{cite book |title=Quarterly journal of the Local Self Government Institute (Mumbai) |chapter=Growth of Mumbai & its Municipal Corporation|year= 1976|page=13}}</ref> On 9 May 1874 the first horse-drawn carriage made its début in the city, plying the [[Colaba]]–[[Pydhone]] via [[Crawford Market]], and [[Bori Bunder]] to [[Pydhonie]] via [[Kalbadevi]] routes. The initial fare was three [[Indian anna|annas]] (15 [[Paisa|paise]] pre-decimalisation), and no tickets were issued. As the service became increasingly popular, the fare was reduced to two annas (10 pre-decimalisation paise). Later that year, tickets were issued to curb increasing ticket-less travel.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mumbai, the city of dreams: a history of the first city in India |last=David|first=M. D.|year=1995 |publisher=Himalaya Publishing House|pages=199–200}}</ref> Stearns and Kitteredge reportedly had a stable of 1,360 horses over the lifetime of  the service.<ref name="haltstn">{{cite book |last1=Aklekar |first1=Rajendra B |title=Halt station India : the dramatic tale of the nation's first rail lines |year=2014 |publisher=[[Rupa & Co]] |isbn=9788129134974 |page=193 |access-date=23 April 2019 |url=http://rupapublications.co.in/books/halt-station-india/ }}</ref>