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=== China–Russia === A hotline connection between [[Beijing]] and [[Moscow]] was used during the 1969 frontier confrontation between the two countries. The Chinese however refused the Russian peace attempts and ended the communications link. After a reconciliation between the former enemies, the hotline between China and Russia was revived in 1996.<ref name=clingendael>{{cite news|last=Egilsson|first=Haraldur|title=The Origins, Use and Development of Hotline Diplomacy|url=http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2003/20030500_cli_paper_dip_issue85.pdf|access-date=22 January 2013|newspaper=Discussion Papers in Diplomacy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911055513/http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2003/20030500_cli_paper_dip_issue85.pdf|archive-date=11 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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