Editing Hubal (section)

===Among Islamists===
Islamists have invoked the figure of Hubal in the ideological struggles of the post-Cold War era. In Islam, Hubal has been used as a symbol of modern forms of "idol worship". According to Adnan A. Musallam, this can be traced to one of the founders of radical Islamism, [[Sayyid Qutb]], who used the label to attack secular rulers such as [[Nasser]], seen as creating "idols" based on un-Islamic Western and Marxist ideologies. In 2001, [[Osama bin Laden]] called America the modern Hubal. He referred to allies of America as "hypocrites" who "all stood behind the head of global unbelief, the Hubal of the modern age, America and its supporters".<ref>Bruce Lawrence (ed), ''Messages to the world: the statements of Osama Bin Laden'', Verso, 2005, p.105.</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 7, 2005|author=Michael Burleigh|publisher=[[Evening Standard]] (London)|title=A murderous message}}</ref> [[Al Qaeda]]'s then number two, [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], repeated the phrase (''hubal al-'asr'') in describing America during his November 2008 message following [[Barack Obama]]'s election to the presidency.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 19, 2008|publisher=[[Fox News]]|title=Transcript: English translation of Zawahiri message}}</ref> The analogy may have been passed on to Bin Laden by one of his teachers, [[Abdullah Yusuf Azzam|Abdullah Azzam]].<ref>Adnan A. Musallam, ''From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism'', Praeger. 2005. Pp. xiii, 261. Reviewed by Bruce B. Lawrence in ''American Historical Review'', Vol 3, no 3, June 2006.</ref>