Editing Human-centered computing (section)

== Human-centered systems ==
'''Human-centered systems''' ('''HCS''') are systems designed for human-centered computing. This approach was developed by [[Mike Cooley (engineer)|Mike Cooley]] in his book ''[[Architect or Bee?]]'' <ref>http://www.spokesmanbooks.com/Spokesman/PDF/131OGrady.pdf | Architect or Bee? The human price of technology</ref> drawing on his experience working with the [[Lucas Industries#Lucas Plan (1976)|Lucas Plan]]. HCS focuses on the design of interactive systems as they relate to human activities.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Human-Centered Systems &#124; Research Areas &#124; Research {{!}} Computer Science & Engineering {{!}} College of Engineering|url = http://engineering.tamu.edu/cse/research/areas/human-centered-systems|website = engineering.tamu.edu|access-date = 2015-04-17|first = Texas|last = Communications|archive-date = April 17, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150417233615/http://engineering.tamu.edu/cse/research/areas/human-centered-systems|url-status = dead}}</ref>  According to Kling et al., the Committee on Computing, Information, and Communication of the [[National Science and Technology Council]], identified human-centered systems, or HCS, as one of five components for a High Performance Computing Program.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Human Centered Systems in the Perspective of Organizational and Social Informatics|url = http://philfeldman.com/Human_centered_systems_in_the_perspective_of_organizational_and_social_informatics.pdf|website = philfeldman.com|access-date = 2015-04-17}}</ref>  Human-centered systems can be referred to in terms of human-centered automation.  According to Kling et al., HCS refers to "systems that are:
# based on the analysis of the human tasks the system is aiding
# monitored for performance in terms of human benefits
# built to take account of human skills and
# adaptable easily to changing human needs."<ref name=":0" />

In addition, Kling et al. defines four dimensions of human-centeredness that should be taken into account when classifying a system: systems that are human centered must analyze the complexity of the targeted social organization, and the varied social units that structure work and information; human centeredness is not an attribute of systems, but a process in which the stakeholder group of a particular system assists in evaluating the benefit of the system; the basic architecture of the system should reflect a realistic relationship between humans and machines; the purpose and audience the system is designed for should be an explicit part of the design, evaluation, and use of the system.<ref name=":0" />