Editing Human behavior (section)

=== Politics and conflict ===
{{Further|Political science|Theories of political behavior|Conflict (process)}}
[[File:5tavaszi 08 n.jpg|thumb|A depiction of men fighting in the [[First Battle of Komárom (1849)|First Battle of Komárom]] (1849)]]
When humans make decisions as a group, they engage in politics. Humans have evolved to engage in behaviors of [[self-interest]], but this also includes behaviors that facilitate cooperation rather than conflict in collective settings. Individuals will often form [[in-group and out-group]] perceptions, through which individuals cooperate with the in-group and compete with the out-group. This causes behaviors such as unconsciously conforming, passively obeying authority, taking pleasure in the misfortune of opponents, initiating hostility toward out-group members, artificially creating out-groups when none exist, and punishing those that do not comply with the standards of the in-group. These behaviors lead to the creation of [[political system]]s that enforce in-group standards and norms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Alford |first1=John R. |last2=Hibbing |first2=John R. |date=2004 |title=The Origin of Politics: An Evolutionary Theory of Political Behavior |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/origin-of-politics-an-evolutionary-theory-of-political-behavior/0A5EDA700EE2022AC9DFB5AE1CAA7C4D |journal=Perspectives on Politics |language=en |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=707–723 |doi=10.1017/S1537592704040460 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |s2cid=8341131 |issn=1541-0986 |access-date=2022-08-15 |archive-date=2022-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503121514/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/origin-of-politics-an-evolutionary-theory-of-political-behavior/0A5EDA700EE2022AC9DFB5AE1CAA7C4D |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

When humans oppose one another, it creates conflict. It may occur when the involved parties have a disagreement of opinion, when one party obstructs the goals of another, or when parties experience [[negative emotion]]s such as [[anger]] toward one another. Conflicts purely of disagreement are often resolved through communication or [[negotiation]], but incorporation of emotional or obstructive aspects can escalate conflict. [[Interpersonal conflict]] is that between specific individuals or groups of individuals.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Barki |first1=Henri |last2=Hartwick |first2=Jon |date=2004-03-01 |title=Conceptualizing the Construct of Interpersonal Conflict |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb022913/full/html |journal=International Journal of Conflict Management |language=en |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=216–244 |doi=10.1108/eb022913 |issn=1044-4068 |access-date=2022-08-14 |archive-date=2022-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616151151/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb022913/full/html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Social conflict]] is that between different social groups or demographics. This form of conflict often takes place when groups in society are marginalized, do not have the resources they desire, wish to instigate social change, or wish to resist social change. Significant social conflict can cause [[civil disorder]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mitchell |first=Christopher R. |title=Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation |publisher=Berghof Foundation |year=2005 |chapter=Conflict, Social Change and Conflict Resolution. An Enquiry.}}</ref> [[International conflict]] is that between nations or governments. It may be solved through [[diplomacy]] or [[war]].