Editing Human echolocation (section)

==Background==
{{see also|Animal echolocation}}
The term "echolocation" was coined by zoologist Donald Griffin in 1944. But the phenomena was known about earlier, for example, [[Denis Diderot]] reported in 1749 that blind people could locate silent objects.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Kolarik |first1=Andrew J. |last2=Cirstea |first2=Silvia |last3=Pardhan |first3=Shahina |author-link3=Shahina Pardhan |last4=Moore |first4=Brian C. J. |date=2014-04-01 |title=A summary of research investigating echolocation abilities of blind and sighted humans |url=https://zenodo.org/record/853235 |journal=Hearing Research |volume=310 |pages=60–68 |doi=10.1016/j.heares.2014.01.010 |pmid=24524865 |s2cid=21785505}}</ref> Human echolocation has been known and formally studied since at least the 1950s.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Bruce B. |last1=Blasch |first2=William R. |last2=Wiener |first3=Richard L. |last3=Welsh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HezicsYdVysC&pg=PA150 |title=Foundations of Orientation and Mobility |publisher=AFB Press <!--American Foundation for the Blind--> |year=1997}}; which cites {{cite journal |author1=S. O. Myers |author2=C. G. E. G. Jones |title=Obstacle experiments: second report |journal=Teacher for the Blind |volume=46 |pages=47–62 |year=1958}}</ref> The field of human and animal echolocation was surveyed in book form as early as 1959{{sfn|Griffin|1959}} (see also White, et al. (1970)<ref name=White70>{{cite journal |last1=White |first1=J. C. |last2=Saunders |first2=F. A. |last3=Scadden |first3=L. |last4=Bach-y-Rita |first4=P. |last5=Collins |first5=C. C. |year=1970 |title=Seeing with the skin |journal=Perception & Psychophysics |volume=7 |pages=23–27}}</ref>).

In earlier times, human echolocation was sometimes described as "facial vision" or "obstacle sense", as it was believed that the proximity of nearby objects caused pressure changes on the skin.<ref>{{cite book |first=Raymond J. |last=Corsini |title=The Dictionary of Psychology |publisher=Brunner/Mazel |location=UK |year=1999 |ISBN=1-58391-028-X}}.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=M. |last1=Supa |first2=M. |last2=Cotzin |first3=K. M. |last3=Dallenbach |url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/1416946 |title="Facial Vision": The Perception of Obstacles by the Blind |journal=The American Journal of Psychology |date=April 1944 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=133–183}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Milton |last1=Cotzin |first2=Karl M. |last2=Dallenbach |url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/1418868 |title="Facial Vision": The Role of Pitch and Loudness in the Location of Obstacles by the Blind |journal=The American Journal of Psychology |date=October 1950 |volume=63 |issue=4}}</ref> Only in the 1940s did a series of experiments performed in the Cornell Psychological Laboratory show that sound and hearing, rather than pressure changes on the skin, were the mechanisms driving this ability.<ref name=":0" />