Editing Humvee (section)

===Replacement and future===
{{Main|Humvee replacement process|Joint Light Tactical Vehicle program}}

The Humvee replacement process undertaken by the U.S. military focused on interim replacement with [[MRAP]]s and long-term replacement with the [[Joint Light Tactical Vehicle]] (JLTV). The HMMWV has evolved several times since its introduction and was used in tactical roles for which it was never originally intended. The military pursued several initiatives to replace it, both in the short and long terms. The short-term replacement efforts utilized [[commercial off-the-shelf]] vehicles as part of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) program. These vehicles were procured to replace Humvees in combat theaters. The long-term replacement for the Humvee is the JLTV which is designed from the ground up.  The [[Future Tactical Truck System]] (FTTS) program was initiated to analyze potential requirements for a Humvee replacement. Various prototype vehicles such as the [[MillenWorks Light Utility Vehicle]], and the [[ULTRA AP]] have been constructed as part of these efforts. The JLTV contract was awarded to Oshkosh in August 2015.<ref name="Oshkosh JLTV Win">{{cite web|publisher= Breaking Defense|url= http://breakingdefense.com/2015/08/oshkosh-beats-lockheed-am-general-for-historic-jltv-win/|title= Oshkosh Beats Lockheed, AM General For Historic JLTV Win|date= 26 August 2015|access-date= 26 August 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150826062149/http://breakingdefense.com/2015/08/oshkosh-beats-lockheed-am-general-for-historic-jltv-win/|archive-date= 26 August 2015|url-status= live}}</ref>

The U.S. Marine Corps issued a [[request for proposal]]s in 2013 for its Humvee sustainment modification initiative to upgrade 6,700 expanded capacity vehicles (ECVs). The Marines plan to field the JLTV but do not have enough funding to completely replace all Humvees, so they decided to continue sustaining their fleet. Key areas of improvement include upgrades to the suspension to reduce the amount of force transferred to the chassis, upgrading the engine and transmission for better fuel efficiency, enhancements to the cooling system to prevent overheating, a central tire inflation system to improve off-road mobility and ride quality, and increased underbody survivability. Testing of upgraded Humvees was to occur in 2014, with production and installation occurring from 2015 through 2018. Older A2 series Humvees make up half the current fleet, and 4,000 are to be disposed of through [[Foreign Military Sales|foreign military sales]] and transfers. By 2017, the Marines' light tactical vehicle fleet is to consist of 3,500 A2 series Humvees, 9,500 ECV Humvees, and 5,000 JLTVs, with 18,000 vehicles in total. Humvees in service with the Marine Corps will be upgraded through 2030.<ref>[http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/February/Pages/MarineHumveeUpgradeSeenasInevitable.aspx Marine Humvee Upgrade Seen as Inevitable] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903231929/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/February/Pages/MarineHumveeUpgradeSeenasInevitable.aspx |date=3 September 2015}} – Nationaldefensemagazine.org, February 2013</ref> The Marines shelved the Humvee modernization effort in March 2015 because of budget cuts.<ref>[http://www.dodbuzz.com/2015/03/20/marines-shelve-humvee-upgrades-due-to-budget-cuts/ Marines Shelve Humvee Upgrades Due to Budget Cuts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324225435/http://www.dodbuzz.com/2015/03/20/marines-shelve-humvee-upgrades-due-to-budget-cuts/ |date=24 March 2015}} – DoDBuzz.com, 20 March 2015</ref>

Several companies are offering modifications to maintain the remaining U.S. military Humvee fleets. Oshkosh Corporation is offering Humvee upgrades to the Marine Corps in addition to its JLTV offering, which are modular and scalable to provide varying levels of capabilities at a range of prices that can be provided individually or as complete packages. Their approach is centered around the [[Oshkosh TAK-4 Independent Suspension System|TAK-4]] independent suspension system, which delivers greater offroad profile capability, improved ride quality, an increase in maximum speed, greater whole-vehicle durability, and restored payload capacity and ground clearance.<ref>[http://www.asdnews.com/news-51262/Oshkosh_Defense_Answers_USMCs__Light_Vehicle_Needs.htm Oshkosh Defense Answers USMCs' Light Vehicle Needs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927072109/http://www.asdnews.com/news-51262/Oshkosh_Defense_Answers_USMCs__Light_Vehicle_Needs.htm |date=27 September 2013}} – ASDnews.com, 2013-09-24</ref> [[Northrop Grumman]] developed a new chassis and powertrain for the Humvee that would combine the mobility and payload capabilities of original vehicle variants while maintaining the protection levels of up-armored versions.  The cost to upgrade one Humvee with Northrop Grumman's features is $145,000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160205135716/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=1633 Northrop Grumman Pitching New Humvee Chassis to Army] – Nationaldefensemagazine.org, 2014-10-07</ref><ref>Richard Sisk [http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/10/14/northrop-offers-back-to-the-future-upgrade-to-humvee-fleet.html Northrop Offers Back-to-the-Future Upgrade to Humvee Fleet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029152822/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/10/14/northrop-offers-back-to-the-future-upgrade-to-humvee-fleet.html |date=29 October 2014}} – Military.com, 2014-10-14</ref> [[Textron]] has offered another Humvee upgrade option called the Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) that restores mobility and survivability over armored Humvee levels.  Although the SCTV costs more at $200,000 per vehicle, the company claims it can restore the Humvee for operational use, combining Humvee-level mobility and transportability with MRAP-level underbody protection as a transitional solution until the JLTV is introduced in significant numbers.<ref>[http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/ausa2014-textron-offers-armoured-hmmwv-solution/ Textron offers armoured HMMWV solution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016010056/http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/ausa2014-textron-offers-armoured-hmmwv-solution/ |date=16 October 2014}} – Shephardmedia.com, 2014-10-15</ref><ref name="armyreco21oct14">[http://www.armyrecognition.com/ausa_2014_show_daily_news_coverage_report/textron_land_systems_presented_survivable_combat_tactical_vehicle_system_at_ausa_2014.html Textron Land Systems presented Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle System at AUSA 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101033612/http://www.armyrecognition.com/ausa_2014_show_daily_news_coverage_report/textron_land_systems_presented_survivable_combat_tactical_vehicle_system_at_ausa_2014.html |date=1 January 2016}} – Armyrecognition.com, 21 October 2014</ref>

One suggested future role for the Humvee is as an autonomous [[unmanned ground vehicle]] (UGV).  If converted to a UGV, the vehicle could serve as a mobile scout vehicle with armor features removed to enhance mobility and terrain accessibility, since there would be no occupants needing protection.  Because there will still be tens of thousands of Humvees in the U.S. inventory after the JLTV enters service, it could be a low-cost way to build an unmanned combat vehicle fleet.  Autonomy features would allow the Humvees to drive themselves and one soldier to control a "swarm" of several vehicles.<ref name="army-tech30sep14" />

Although the Army plans to buy 49,100 JLTVs and the Marine Corps 5,500, they are not a one-for-one replacement for the Humvee, and both services will still be left operating large fleets.  For the Marines, 69 JLTVs will replace the 74 Humvees in all active infantry battalions to cover its expeditionary forces. The Marine JLTV order is planned to be completed by 2022, leaving the remainder of the Corps' 13,000-strong Humvee force scattered around support organizations while soft-skinned Humvees will provide support behind the forward-deployed [[Marine Expeditionary Unit]]. The Army does not plan to replace Humvees in the [[Army National Guard]] and is considering options on how many of its 120,000 vehicles will be replaced, sustained, or modernized. Even if half of the force is replaced by JLTVs, the entire planned order will not be complete until 2040. If upgrades are chosen for the remaining Humvees, the cost would likely have to not exceed $100,000 per vehicle.<ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/land/vehicles/2015/08/29/oshkosh-awaits-protests-jltv-win/71325838/ Oshkosh Awaits Protests After JLTV Win] – Defensenews.com, 29 August 2015</ref> The Humvee is expected to remain in U.S. military service until at least 2050.<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/am-general-secures-six-year-4283-million-contract-to-provide-the-army-with-m997a3-hmmwv-configured-ambulances-300139298.html AM General Secures Six-Year, $428.3 Million Contract To Provide The Army With M997A3 HMMWV Configured Ambulances] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205135716/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/am-general-secures-six-year-4283-million-contract-to-provide-the-army-with-m997a3-hmmwv-configured-ambulances-300139298.html |date=5 February 2016}} – PRNewswiew.com, 8 September 2015</ref> Ambulance variants of the Humvee will especially remain in active use, as the JLTV could not be modified to serve as one due to weight issues.<ref>[http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/06/14/pentagon-selects-1st-army-marine-units-receive-jltv.html?ESRC=todayinmil.sm Pentagon Selects 1st Army, Marine Units to Receive JLTV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618210639/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/06/14/pentagon-selects-1st-army-marine-units-receive-jltv.html?ESRC=todayinmil.sm |date=18 June 2017}} – Military.com, 14 June 2017</ref>