Editing Hybrid Synergy Drive (section)

===High voltage battery===
[[File:Ni-MH Battery 02.JPG|thumb|High voltage [[nickel-metal hydride]] (NiMH) battery of [[Toyota Prius (XW20)|second generation Toyota Prius]].]]
The HSD system has two principal battery packs, the High Voltage (HV) battery, also known as the traction battery, and a 12 volt [[lead-acid battery]] known as the Low Voltage (LV) battery, which functions as an auxiliary battery. The LV battery supplies power to the electronics and accessories when the hybrid system is turned off and the high-voltage battery main relay is off.<ref name=HSDCase/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alabc.org/publications/lead-acid-batteries-in-hevs |title=Do Hybrid Electric Vehicles Use Lead-Acid Batteries? Yes! Here's why. |author=The Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC) |publisher=ALABC |access-date=2014-11-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506082429/http://www.alabc.org/publications/lead-acid-batteries-in-hevs |archive-date=2014-05-06 }}</ref>

The traction battery is a [[seal (mechanical)|sealed]] [[nickel-metal hydride]] (NiMH) [[rechargeable battery|battery]] pack. The battery pack of the first generation Toyota Prius consisted of 228 cells packaged in 38 modules, while the second generation Prius consisted of 28 Panasonic prismatic nickel metal hydride modules, each containing six 1.2 volt cells, connected in series to produce a nominal voltage of 201.6 volts. The discharge power capability of the second gen Prius pack is about 20 [[kW]] at 50% [[state of charge]] (SoC). The power capability increases with higher temperatures and decreases at lower temperatures. The Prius has a computer that's solely dedicated to keeping the battery at the optimum temperature and optimum charge level.<ref name=HybridBatteries/>

Like the second generation Prius, the third generation Prius battery pack is made up of the same type of 1.2 volt cells. It has 28 modules of 6 cells for a total nominal voltage of only 201.6 volts. A boost converter is used 
to produce 500 volt DC supply voltage for the inverters for MG1 and MG2.<ref name=HSDCase/> The car's electronics only allow 40% of total rated capacity of the battery pack (6.5 ampere-hour) to be used in order to prolong the battery life. As a result, the SoC is allowed to vary only between 40% and 80% of the rated full charge.<ref name=HSDCase/> The battery used in the [[Toyota Highlander Hybrid|Highlander Hybrid]] and the [[Lexus RX 400h]] was packaged in a different metal battery casing with 240 cells that deliver high voltage of 288 volts.<ref name=HybridBatteries>{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/hybrid-car-battery/|title=The Hybrid Car Battery: A Definitive Guide - Today's Hybrid Car Battery: Nickel Metal Hydride - Toyota Prius Hybrid Battery|author=Brad Berman|publisher=HybridCars.com|date=2008-11-06|access-date=2014-11-22}}</ref> 
[[File:Camry Hybrid 2012 07 VA 4177.JPG|thumb|EV mode button in the 2012 [[Toyota Camry hybrid]].]]
A button labelled "EV" maintains [[electric vehicle]] mode after being powered on and under most low-load conditions at less than {{Convert|25|mph|abbr=on}} if the traction battery has enough charge. This permits [[all-electric mode|all-electric driving]] with no fuel consumption for up to {{convert|1|mi|abbr=on}}. However, the HSD software switches to EV mode automatically whenever it can.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.com/prius/#!/features/efficiency/three-drive-modes|title=Toyota Prius - Three drive modes|author=Toyota |publisher=Toyota01|access-date=2014-11-23}} ''EV Mode works under certain conditions at low speeds for up to a mile.''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/camry-hybrid-xle-technology-review,3290-8.html|title=2012 Toyota Camry Hybrid XLE: Technology In A Mid-Size Sedan|author=Anh T. Huynh|publisher=Tom's Hardware|date=2012-10-15|access-date=2014-11-23}}</ref> Only the [[Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid]] has a longer driving [[all-electric range]] in [[blended mode|blended operation]] electric-gasoline of {{convert|11|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} ([[EPA]] rating) until the battery is depleted.<ref name=PiP>{{cite web|url=http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=34516&id=33335&id=32484|title=Compare Side-by-Side - 2012/2013/2014 Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid|publisher=Fueleconomy.gov|author=[[U. S. Environmental Protection Agency]] and [[U.S. Department of Energy]]|date=2014-11-21|access-date=2014-11-21}}</ref> The Prius PHEV is outfitted with 4.4 [[kWh]] [[lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion batteries]] co-developed with [[Panasonic]] that weighs {{convert|80|kg|abbr=on}} compared with the [[nickel-metal hydride battery]] of the [[Toyota Prius (XW30)|third generation Prius]], which has a capacity of only 1.3 kWh, and weighs {{convert|42|kg|abbr=on}}. The larger battery pack enables all-electric operation at higher speeds and longer distances than the conventional Prius hybrid.<ref name=GCC122009>{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/12/prius-phv-20091202.html|title=2010 Prius Plug-in Hybrid Makes North American Debut at Los Angeles Auto Show; First Li-ion Battery Traction Battery Developed by Toyota and PEVE|publisher=[[Green Car Congress]]|date=2009-12-02|access-date=2010-02-03}}</ref><ref name=Toyota091611>{{cite press release|url=http://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/toyota+introduces+2012+prius+plug-in+hybrid.htm|title=Toyota Introduces 2012 Prius Plug-in Hybrid|publisher=[[Toyota]]|date=2011-09-16|access-date=2014-11-21|archive-date=2014-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014072355/http://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/toyota+introduces+2012+prius+plug-in+hybrid.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The following table details the HV battery capacity for several Lexus and Toyota vehicles.<ref name=HEVbatteries>{{cite web|url=http://cta.ornl.gov/vtmarketreport/spreadsheets/T33_Batteries_for_Selected_HEV_Vehicles_2013_2014.xls|title=Table 33. Batteries for Selected Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Model Years 2013-2014|author=Josh Pihl|publisher=[[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]|date=January 2014|access-date=2014-11-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129052920/http://cta.ornl.gov/vtmarketreport/spreadsheets/T33_Batteries_for_Selected_HEV_Vehicles_2013_2014.xls|archive-date=2014-11-29}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Vehicle!!Model<br>Year!!Battery<br>Capacity<br>([[kWh]])<ref name=HEVbatteries/>!!Battery Type!!Battery Charge Limit<br>([[kW]])<ref>Based on Min a Max values from Hybrid Assistant App (High Voltage Battery Statistics)</ref>!!Battery Discharge Limit<br>([[kW]])<ref>Based on Min a Max values from Hybrid Assistant App (High Voltage Battery Statistics)</ref>
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus CT 200h]]||2011||1.3||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus ES 300h]]||2013||1.6||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus ES 300h]]||2021||1.6||Li-ion||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus GS 450h]]||2013||1.9||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus IS 300h]]||2013||1.6||NiMH||-28,5||24
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus LC|Lexus LC 500h]]||2018||1.1||Li-ion||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus LS 600h L]]||2008||1.9||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus RX 450h]]||2014||1.9||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Lexus NX 300h]]||2015||1.6||NiMH||-27||25,5
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Avalon Hybrid]]||2013||1.6||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Auris Hybrid]]||2014||1.3<ref name=HSDCase>{{cite web|url=http://www.ae.pwr.wroc.pl/filez/20110606092430_HEV_Toyota.pdf|title=Case study: Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive |author=Politechnika Wrocławska - Inżynieria Pojazdów|publisher=[[Wrocław University of Technology]]|access-date=2014-11-22}} ''See Auris HSD specs in pp.17: 201.6V x 6.5Amp/hr = 1.310kWh''</ref>||NiMH||-25||21
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Camry (XV50)#Camry Hybrid|Toyota Camry Hybrid]]||2014||1.6||NiMH||-27||25,5
|-align=center
|align=left|Toyota Camry Hybrid||2018||1.6 / 1.0||NiMH / Li-ion||||
|-align=center
|align=left|Toyota C-HR Hybrid||2016||1.3||NiMH||-31,9||21
|-align=center
|align=left|Toyota Corolla Hybrid||2019||1.4 / 0.75||NiMH / Li-ion||-31,9||21
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Highlander#Third generation (XU50; 2013)|Toyota Highlander Hybrid]]||2014||1.9||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Mirai]] ([[fuel cell vehicle|FCV]])||2015||1.6<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/products/2016-toyota-mirai/|title=Toyota Mirai: The 300-mile zero-emission vehicle|author=Wayne Cunningham|publisher=[[CNET]]|date=2014-11-19|access-date=2014-11-21}} ''The Mirai has a 245-volt nickel-metal hydride battery pack, similar to that in the Camry Hybrid. 245V x 6.5Amp/hr = 1.59kWh''</ref>||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left| [[Toyota Prius (XW30)|Toyota Prius]]||2010||1.3||NiMH||-25||21
|-align=center
|align=left| Toyota Prius||2016||1.2 / 0.75||NiMH / Li-ion||-31,9||21
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Prius c]]||2014||0.9||NiMH||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Prius v]]||2014||1.3 / 1.0||NiMH / Li-ion||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Prius PHV]]||2014||4.4<ref name=Toyota091611/>||Li-ion||||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Prius Prime]]||2016||8.8||Li-ion||-40||65
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota RAV4]]||2015||1.6||NiMH||-27||25,5
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota RAV4]]||2019||1.6||NiMH (2020- Li-ion)||-38||24||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota RAV4|Toyota RAV4 Prime]]||2020||18.1||Li-ion||
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Yaris Hybrid]]||2014||0.9<ref name=YarisHSD>{{cite web|url=http://toyota.co.za/Media/Default/brochures/Yaris.pdf|title=Yaris & Yaris HSD brochure |author=Toyota  |publisher=Toyota South Africa|access-date=2014-11-22}} ''See specs table: 144V x 6.5Amp/hr = 0.936kWh''</ref>||NiMH||-17,5||15
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Yaris Hybrid]]||2020||0.76||Li-ion||-35||20
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Toyota Innova (AG10)|Toyota Innova]]/[[Toyota Kijang Innova Zenix|Kijang Innova Zenix Hybrid]]||2022||1.31||NiMH||||
|}