Editing IWork (section)

==Components==

===Common components===
Products in the iWork suite share a number of components, largely as a result of sharing underlying code from the [[Cocoa (API)|Cocoa]] and similar shared [[application programming interface]]s (APIs). Among these are the well known universal multilingual [[spell checker]], which can also be found in products like [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] and [[Mail (OS X)|Mail]]. Grammar checking, find and replace, style and color pickers are similar examples of design features found throughout the Apple application space.

Moreover, the applications in the iWork suite also share a new ''model'' of the document. In most document-based applications there is a particular data type which forms the basis of the application's view of the world, for instance, in word processors the text is the first-class citizen of the application, while in a spreadsheet it is the cells in the table. Other objects, images or charts for instance, are managed by being attached to, or referenced to, the underlying primary data type.

In iWork, all of the applications share a common underlying document format, the "canvas", a generic container type that provides layout and storage mechanisms. Each application then adds its own custom objects and places them on the canvas. Pages, for instance, conventionally opens with a single large text object on the canvas. To the user it appears to be a typical word processor, but they can grab the corner and re-size it as in a page layout application. In Numbers, one initially sees a grid of cells like any other spreadsheet, but the user is free to size it smaller than the canvas, and then add multiple grids, charts or even drawings to the same canvas.

The difference is subtle, as many of these features are also implemented in more traditional programs like [[Microsoft Excel]]. However, the difference in UI can be significant. In Excel, for instance, charts are stored as part of a sheet, and can be moved inadvertently through natural user actions. In Numbers, charts are, like everything else, part of the canvas, and changes to the sheet(s) are normally independent.

The iWork model bears some resemblance to the earlier Apple effort, [[OpenDoc]]. OpenDoc also used a single underlying document engine, along with a single on-disk format. Unlike iWork, however, OpenDoc also used a single application, in which various editors could be invoked. For instance, one could open a generic document, start a spreadsheet editor, then add a spreadsheet. iWork lacks this level of flexibility in editing terms, but maintains it in layout.

===Desktop applications===

====Pages====
{{Main|Pages (word processor)}}
[[Pages (word processor)|Pages]] is a word processing application.

Besides basic word processing functionality, Pages includes templates designed by Apple to allow users to create various types of documents, including [[newsletters]], invitations, [[stationery]], and [[résumé]]s, along with a number of education-themed templates for students and teachers, such as reports and outlines.<ref name="pr05"/><ref name="pr08"/> Pages 5, a complete redesign, removed more than 100 of the features of Pages 4.x, including bookmarks, mail merge, linked text boxes, multiple section capability, ability to set default zoom. It has been slowly adding some back in subsequent 5.x releases (default zoom, for example, can now be set, but still no linked text boxes, multiple select, mail merge, book marks, and more than 90 other features that were present in version 4.3).

Along with Keynote and Numbers, Pages integrates with Apple's iLife suite. Using the Media Browser, users can drag and drop movies, photos and music directly into documents within the Pages application.<ref name="pr05"/> A Full Screen view hides the menubar and toolbars, and an outline mode allows users to quickly create outlines which can easily be rearranged by dragging and dropping, as well as collapsed and expanded. Pages includes support for entering complex equations with [[MathType|MathType 6]] and for reference citing using [[EndNote|EndNote X2]].<ref name="pr09"/>

The Pages application can open and edit Microsoft Word documents (including [[DOC (computing)|DOC]] and [[Office Open XML]] files), and [[Text file|plain text]] documents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/iwork/compatibility/|title=iWork – Open, save, and email Microsoft Office files|publisher=Apple|access-date=April 16, 2012}}</ref> Pages 5 can no longer read or export [[Rich Text Format|rich text format]] documents. Pages can also export documents in the DOC, PDF, and ePub formats.<ref name="pr06"/> It cannot read or write [[OpenDocument]] file formats.

As a word-processing application targeted towards creating attractive documents for a range of applications such as lesson plans and newsletters, Pages competes with [[Microsoft Word]], [[Microsoft Publisher]] (never ported to macOS), Apple's own free [[e-book]] and PDF authoring application, [[iBooks Author]], and Adobe's professional-market desktop publishing application [[InDesign]].

====Keynote====
{{Main|Keynote (presentation software)}}
[[Keynote (presentation software)|Keynote]] is an application used to create and play presentations. Its features are comparable to those of [[Microsoft PowerPoint]], though Keynote contains several unique features. Keynote, like Pages and Numbers, integrates with the iLife application suite. Users can drag and drop media from [[iMovie]], [[iTunes]], [[iPhoto]] and [[Aperture (photography software)|Aperture]] directly into Keynote presentations using the Media Browser. Keynote contains a number of templates, transitions, and effects. Magic Move allows users to apply simple transitions to automatically animate images and text that are repeated on consecutive slides.<ref name="pr05"/><ref name="pr08"/><ref name="pr06"/><ref name="pr09"/>

Apple formerly released a Keynote Remote application for iOS that let users view slides and presenter notes and control Keynote presentations with an [[iPhone]] or [[iPod Touch]] over a [[Wi-Fi]] network,<ref name="pr09"/> but that functionality has been rolled into subsequent releases of the main Keynote iOS application.

Keynote supports a number of file formats. By default, presentations are saved as .key files. Keynote can open and edit Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt) files. In addition, presentations can be exported as Microsoft PowerPoint files, [[QuickTime]] movies (which are also playable on [[iPod]] and iPhone), [[HTML]] files, and [[PDF]] files. Presentations can also be sent directly to [[iDVD]], [[iTunes]], [[GarageBand]], [[iWeb]],<ref name="pr06"/> and to [[YouTube]].<ref name="pr08"/> The Keynote 09 file format is not backward compatible; .key files saved with Keynote '09 cannot be opened with earlier versions of Keynote.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2009 |title=Open iWork' 09 flat files as folders |url=http://www.macosxhints.com/article.php?story=20090225034801527 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227162232/http://www.macosxhints.com/article.php?story=20090225034801527 |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |access-date=June 6, 2021 |website=Mac OS X Hints}}</ref>

====Numbers====
{{Main|Numbers (spreadsheet)}}
[[Numbers (spreadsheet)|Numbers]] is a spreadsheet application that was added to the iWork suite in 2007 with the release of iWork '08. Numbers, like [[Microsoft Excel]] and other spreadsheet applications, lets users organize data into tables, perform calculations with formulas, and create charts and graphs using data entered into the spreadsheet. Numbers, however, differs from other spreadsheet applications in that it allows users to create multiple tables in a single document on a flexible canvas. Many prebuilt templates, including ones designed for personal finance, education, and business use, are included.<ref name="pr08"/><ref name="pr09"/>

Numbers 2.0 was included with iWork '09, with several improvements. Charts that are pasted into Keynote and Pages are automatically updated across documents when they are changed in Numbers. Additionally, Numbers 2 lets users categorize data in tables by column, which can then be collapsed and summarized.<ref name="pr09"/>

Numbers 3.6 added in the ability to open Numbers '08 spreadsheets, among other things.

===Web services===
====iWork.com====
{{Infobox website
| name = iWork.com
| logo = [[File:IWork.com logo.png]]
| screenshot = [[File:iWorkdotcom.png|center|250px]]
| url = {{URL|1=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.iwork.com/|2=iWork.com}} (archived at [[Wayback Machine]])
| commercial = Free while in beta; requires iWork '09<ref name="beta" />
| language = Multilingual
| registration = Required ([[Apple ID]])
| owner = [[Apple Inc.]]
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2009|01|06}}
| dissolved = {{end date and age|2012|07|31}}
| current_status = Defunct
}}
iWork.com was a free service that enabled users to share iWork '09 documents online directly from within Pages, Keynote and Numbers.
Users could click the iWork.com toolbar icon and login using their Apple ID to upload a document and invite others to view it online. Viewers could leave comments and notes on the document and download a copy in iWork, Microsoft Office, or PDF formats. Document owners could track comments at the iWork.com website.

It was released as a [[software release life cycle#Beta|public beta]] on January 6, 2009 at the [[Macworld Conference & Expo]]. The iWork.com service provides a web interface for viewing, downloading, and commenting uploaded documents. In contrast to [[cloud computing|cloud-based]] office applications such as [[Google Docs]] and [[Office Online]], it did not offer editing.<ref name="beta">{{cite news|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2338263,00.asp|title= Hands On: Apple iWork '09|last=Lendino|first=Jamie|date=January 7, 2009|work=PCmag|access-date=January 9, 2009}}</ref>

iWork.com supported uploading of [[Pages (iWork)|Pages '09 documents]], [[Keynote (presentation software)|Keynote '09 presentations]], and [[Numbers (software)|Numbers '09 spreadsheets]].<ref name=apple /> Users could download documents in both [[Microsoft Office]] and [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] formats, in addition to their native iWork formats.<ref name=apple /> Uploading documents to iWork.com requires a copy of the iWork '09 software suite and an [[Apple ID]]. Viewing, commenting, and downloading require only a web browser and an invitation to view the document.

Apple announced that after July 31, 2012, users would be no longer able to publish new documents to iWork.com from any iWork application. Documents stored on iWork.com will not be available to download or view after the shut down date. Instead, users can use iCloud to share documents between their computers (running [[OS X Mountain Lion]]) and their [[iDevice|iOS devices]]. Users attempting to access the iWork.com site are re-directed to the Apple homepage.

====iWork for iCloud====
{{main|ICloud#iWork for iCloud}}
During the 2013 [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) keynote speech, iWork for iCloud was announced for release at the same time as the next version of the app versions of iWork later in the year. The three apps for both iOS and OS X that form Apple's iWork suite ([[Pages (word processor)|Pages]], [[Numbers (spreadsheet)|Numbers]], and [[Keynote (presentation software)|Keynote]]), will be made available on a web interface (named as Pages for iCloud, Numbers for iCloud, and Keynote for iCloud respectively), and accessed via the iCloud website under each users iCloud Apple ID login. They will also sync with the users iOS and OS X versions of the app, should they have them, via their iCloud Apple ID.

Later in 2013, iWork for iCloud update added support for real-time collaboration<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/11/14/apple-adds-realtime-collaboration-document-organization-to-iwork-for-icloud-beta|title=Apple adds realtime collaboration, document organization to iWork for iCloud beta|website=AppleInsider|language=en-US|access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref> such that the same document could be opened by collaborators at the same time and everyone could make changes simultaneously. It took a few seconds for changes to propagate to other collaborators. This, however, could not work together with iOS and OS X apps, which would cause "out-of-sync" dialogs if editing together with collaborators using iWork for iCloud.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/3018384/data-center-cloud/how-to-collaborate-on-documents-using-iwork-and-icloud-com.html|title=How to collaborate on documents using iWork and iCloud.com|access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref> In 2016, Apple announced that the real-time collaboration feature would be available to iOS and OS X apps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/7/12836660/apple-real-time-collaboration-iwork|title=Apple unveils real-time collaboration for iWork|last=Liptak|first=Andrew|date=2016-09-07|website=The Verge|access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref>

This allows the user to edit and create documents on the web, using one of the supported browsers; currently [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]], [[Google Chrome|Chrome]], and [[Internet Explorer]]. It also means that [[Microsoft Windows]] users now have access to these native –previously only Apple device– document editing tools, via the [[user interface|web interface]]. iWork for iCloud has more limited set of features compared to the OS X version of the applications. For instance, the fonts available are more limited and the web version does not fully support printing and may display documents created with the support of external plug-ins incorrectly/improperly. In 2014, iWork for iCloud update adds 8 languages, 50 new fonts and improved editing in the cloud-based versions of Pages, Numbers and Keynote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uttamujjwal.com/2014/11/iwork-icloud-upgraded-8-languages-50-new-fonts/ |title=iWork for iCloud Upgraded with 8 Languages & 50 New fonts |publisher=Uttamujjwal.com |date=Nov 22, 2014 |access-date=Nov 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenextweb.com/apple/2014/11/21/iwork-icloud-update-adds-8-new-languages-50-fonts-improved-editing/ |title=iWork for iCloud update adds 8 languages, 50 new fonts and improved editing |publisher=Thenextweb.com |date=Nov 21, 2014 |access-date=Nov 21, 2014}}</ref>

===iOS apps===
On June 7, 2010, while showcasing the new iPhone 4, Apple posted a few screenshots of the device in action and inadvertently showed the possibility of opening an email attachment inside of Keynote, leading some to believe that an iPhone version of the iWork suite would soon be available in the [[iOS]] [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/33569/apple-confirms-iwork-iphone-4 |title=Apple confirms iWork coming to iPhone 4 |publisher=Pocket-lint |date=June 7, 2010 |access-date=December 31, 2011}}</ref>

On June 28, 2010, several websites reported that in an attempt to sell AppleCare for the iPhone 4, several examples of services offered were given including one that read, "Using iWork for iPhone and other Apple-branded iPhone apps." These sites also report that it was quickly removed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macrumors.com/2010/06/28/apples-site-again-hints-at-iwork-for-iphone |title=Apple's Site Again Hints at iWork for iPhone |publisher=Mac Rumors |date=June 28, 2010 |access-date=December 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freeiworktemplates.com/2010/06/iwork-for-iphone/ |title=iWork for iPhone |location=US-IN |publisher=FreeiWorkTemplates.com |date=June 28, 2010 |access-date=December 31, 2011}}</ref>

On May 31, 2011, Apple released a press statement that iWork would be available on the iOS app store for the iPhone and iPod Touch.<ref name="apple">{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/05/31Apple-iWork-Now-Available-For-iPhone-iPod-touch-Users/ |title=Apple iWork Now Available For iPhone & iPod Touch Users |publisher=Apple |date=May 31, 2011 |access-date=May 17, 2022}}</ref>

On September 10, 2013, Apple announced that iWork, [[iMovie]] and [[iPhoto]] would be available to download for free on new iOS devices activated after September 1.<ref>{{cite web|last=Alvarez |first=Edgar |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/09/10/apple-iwork-ios/ |title=Apple's iWork, iMovie and iPhoto will now be available for free on new iOS devices |publisher=Engadget |date=September 10, 2013 |access-date=September 17, 2013}}</ref>