Editing Illusory correlation (section)

===Information processing===

Martin Hilbert (2012) proposes an information processing mechanism that assumes a noisy conversion of objective observations into subjective judgments. The theory defines noise as the mixing of these observations during retrieval from memory.<ref name="HilbertPsychBull">{{cite journal|last1=Hilbert|first1=Martin|title=Toward a synthesis of cognitive biases: How noisy information processing can bias human decision making|journal=Psychological Bulletin|volume=138|issue=2|year=2012|pages=211–237| url=http://martinhilbert.net/HilbertPsychBull.pdf |doi=10.1037/a0025940|pmid=22122235|citeseerx=10.1.1.432.8763}}</ref> According to the model, underlying cognitions or subjective judgments are identical with noise or objective observations that can lead to overconfidence or what is known as conservatism bias—when asked about behavior participants underestimate the majority or larger group and overestimate the minority or smaller group. These results are illusory correlations.