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Indirect election
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=== Parliamentary systems === Republics with [[parliamentary system]]s usually elect their [[head of state]] indirectly (e.g. [[President of Germany|Germany]], [[President of Italy|Italy]], [[President of Estonia|Estonia]], [[President of Latvia|Latvia]], [[President of Malta|Malta]], [[President of Hungary|Hungary]], [[President of India|India]], [[President of Israel|Israel]], [[President of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sargentich |first=Thomas O. |date=1993 |title=The Presidential and Parliamentary Models of National Government |url=https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr/vol8/iss2/19/ |journal=American University International Law Review |volume=8 |issue=2/3 |pages=579β592}}</ref> Several parliamentary republics, such as [[President of Ireland|Ireland]], [[President of Austria|Austria]], [[President of Croatia|Croatia]], [[President of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] and the [[President of Czechia|Czech Republic]], operate using a semi-presidential system with a directly elected president distinct from the prime minister.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-04 |title=Parliamentary System |url=https://www.annenbergclassroom.org/glossary_term/parliamentary-system/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Annenberg Classroom |language=en-US}}</ref>
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