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Inferiority complex
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==Effects== When an inferiority complex is in full effect, it may impact the performance of an individual as well as impact an individual's [[self-esteem]]. Unconscious psychological and emotional processes can inhibit a student's ability to receive and understand new information in addition to an excessive guardedness that results from an inability to accept or understand one's own subconscious feelings of inferiority. In his PhD dissertation, Guy Hutt found that in students who display difficulty with math classes, the subject can become associated with a psychological inferiority complex, low motivation and [[self-efficacy]], poor self-directed learning strategies, and feelings of being unsafe or anxious.<ref>{{cite thesis|url=http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1175892374|title=Experiential Learning Spaces: Hermetic Transformational Leadership for Psychological Safety, Consciousness Development and Math Anxiety Related Inferiority Complex Depotentiation|type=Doctoral thesis|date=2007|publisher=Case Western Reserve University}}</ref> In the mental health treatment population, this complex sometimes overlaps in patients with other disorders such as certain types of [[schizophrenia]], [[mood disorder]]s, and [[personality disorder]]s. [[Alfred Adler]] identified an inferiority complex as one of the contributing factors to some unhealthy childhood behaviors.<ref>{{cite book|last=Adler|first=A.|title=The education of children|year=1930|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1930-04004-000}}</ref> Individuals with increased feelings of inferiority have a higher tendency toward [[self-concealment]], which in turn results in an increase in [[loneliness]] and a decrease in [[happiness]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019-10-15|title=Linking inferiority feelings to subjective happiness: Self-concealment and loneliness as serial mediators|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886919303186|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|volume=149|pages=14–20|doi=10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.028|via=Elsevier|last1=Akdoğan|first1=Ramazan|last2=Çimşir|first2=Elif|s2cid=189983640|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Inferiority complexes are strongly correlated with neuroticism, a trait from the [[Big Five personality traits|Big Five]] personality model. Additionally, inferiority complexes show small, negative relationships with conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion, but are positively related to [[Machiavellianism (psychology)|Machiavellianism]] and [[narcissism]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manis |first=Emily |date=2023-06-16 |title=Study links inferiority and superiority complexes to specific personality traits |url=https://www.psypost.org/2023/06/study-links-inferiority-and-superiority-complexes-to-specific-personality-traits-165848 |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=PsyPost |language=en-US}}</ref>
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