Editing Ingres (database) (section)

===Computer Associates===
{{more citations needed|date=January 2024}}
In 1994, ASK/Ingres was purchased by [[Computer Associates]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-nassau-edition/139249472/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121183442/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-nassau-edition/139249472/|title=CA Takeover Leads to Egress At Ingres Corp|newspaper=[[Newsday (Nassau Edition)|Newsday]]|page=59|archivedate=January 21, 2024|date=June 30, 1994|accessdate=January 21, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-06-30-fi-10401-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121183714/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-06-30-fi-10401-story.html|title=Technology|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|archivedate=January 21, 2024|date=June 30, 1994|accessdate=January 21, 2024}}</ref>

In February 2000, Computer Associates announced the general availability of Ingres II 2.0 for Linux. Besides the components found in the SDK, the full edition contains more modules, such as:
* Net: this component makes possible for Ingres utilities and user applications to access databases residing on different installations.
* Replicator: support for replication functions.
* Star: for handling distributed databases.
* Enterprise Access: communication with different database management systems and other, non-relational data sources (used to be called Gateways).
* Protocol Bridge: for communicating with clients on different types of networks.
* Spatial Object Library: for handling two-dimensional spatial objects.

Ingres versions 6.4 and Ingres II have long been a commonly used database management system (DBMS), mainly in data center operations at universities and other public bodies. For a while, it was still able to resist Oracle's dominance due to low licensing costs.

In addition to the low license fees, Ingres II had the advantage of lower resource requirements over Oracle, for example, which is why it could also be used on smaller machines. Disadvantages were the more difficult usability, the lower number of platforms on which this system ran and fewer Ingres-capable applications.

On the grounds that the performance of Ingres was comparable to that of other large DBMS, Computer Associates raised the license fees sharply, thereby losing a key advantage over Oracle. Insufficient marketing by Computer Associates and the resulting lack of sales as well as a lack of IT technicians who master this system and who could be called on when necessary were partly responsible for a decline in marketshare. As a result, Ingres installations were increasingly replaced by Oracle implementations (only about 15,000 installations worldwide in 2004).

In 2004, Computer Associates (CA) released Ingres R3 under CA Trusted Open Source License (CATOSL), an [[open source license]]. The code includes the DBMS server and utilities and the character-based front-end and application-development tools.  In essence, it shipped everything except [[OpenROAD]], the Windows 4GL GUI-based development environment.