Editing Institute for Advanced Study (section)

==Impact==
[[File:Institute for Advanced Study Campus.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Institute for Advanced Study campus]]

From the day it opened the IAS had a major impact on mathematics, physics, economic theory, and world affairs.<ref>[http://www.thirteen.org/bigideas/thinkers.html Big Ideas: Big Thinkers:  The faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study are changing the way we look at the world.] Thirteen/[[WNET]]</ref> In mathematics forty-two out of sixty-one [[Fields Medalist]]s have been affiliated with the institute.<ref>[https://www.ias.edu/sites/default/files/pdfs/fields-medalists-8-14-14.pdf Fields Medal Winners Affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study] as of August 2014</ref> Thirty-four [[Nobel Laureate]]s have worked at the IAS.<ref>[https://www.ias.edu/files/nobel-laureates_2-12.pdf Nobel Prize Winners affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study] as of February 2012</ref> Of the sixteen [[Abel Prize]]s awarded since the establishment of that award in 2003, nine were garnered by Institute professors or visiting scholars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ias.edu/scholars/all-scholars|title=All Scholars &#124; Institute for Advanced Study|date=December 26, 2019|website=www.ias.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abelprize.no/c53673/seksjon/vis.html?tid=53719 |title=The Abel Prize Laureates |access-date=December 9, 2015 |archive-date=March 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320114412/http://www.abelprize.no/c53673/seksjon/vis.html?tid=53719 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Of the fifty-six [[Cole Prize]]s awarded since the establishment of that award in 1928, thirty-nine have  gone to scholars associated with the IAS at some point in their career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/|title=Cole Prize|first=Eric W.|last=Weisstein|website=mathworld.wolfram.com}}</ref> IAS people have won 20 [[Wolf Prize]]s in mathematics and physics.<ref>{{cite web | title=Wolf Foundation General Information | url=http://www.wolffund.org.il | publisher=Wolf Foundation }}</ref> 
Its more than 6,000 former members hold positions of intellectual and scientific leadership throughout the academic world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ias.edu/news/pbs-series--big-ideas|title=PBS Series: Big Ideas|access-date=December 9, 2015|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145905/https://www.ias.edu/news/pbs-series--big-ideas|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Pioneering work on the theory of the [[stored-program computer]] as laid down by [[Alan Turing]] was done at the IAS by John von Neumann, and the [[IAS machine]] built in the basement of the Fuld Hall from 1942 to 1951 under von Neumann's direction introduced the basic architecture of most modern digital computers.<ref name="Edwards">Edwards.</ref><ref>Dyson, pp. 82–86, 274.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_334741|title=IAS Computer|website=National Museum of American History}}</ref> The IAS is the leading center of research in [[string theory]] and its generalization [[M-theory]] introduced by [[Edward Witten]] at the IAS in 1995.<ref>[https://www.quantamagazine.org/20150218-string-theory-only-game-in-town/ In Fake Universes, Evidence for String Theory] by Natalie Wolchover, Quanta Magazine, February 18, 2015</ref> The [[Langlands program]], a far-reaching approach which unites parts of geometry, [[mathematical analysis]], and number theory was introduced by [[Robert Langlands]], the mathematician who now occupies Albert Einstein's old office at the institute.<ref>Institute for Advanced Study (2010)</ref><ref>Frenkel, p. 4.</ref> Langlands was inspired by the work of [[Hermann Weyl]], [[André Weil]], and [[Harish-Chandra]], all scholars with wide-ranging ties to the institute, and the IAS maintains the key repository for the papers of Langlands and the Langlands program.<ref>[http://publications.ias.edu/rpl/ Institute for Advanced Study: The Work of Robert Langlands] collected as an archive in uniform TeX format</ref> The IAS is a main center of research for [[homotopy type theory]], a modern approach to the foundations of mathematics which is not based on classical set theory.  A special year organized by Institute professor [[Vladimir Voevodsky]] and others resulted in a benchmark book in the subject which was published by the institute in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ias.edu/math/sp/univalent|title=Univalent Foundations of Mathematics – Events &#124; Institute for Advanced Study|date=October 21, 2010|website=www.ias.edu}}</ref><ref name=hott/>{{reliable|date=February 2024}}

The institute is or has been the academic home of many of the best minds of their generation.<ref>[https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/4/4799326/day-at-genius-camp-the-institute-for-advanced-study A day at Genius Camp: getting dumb in Einstein's paradise], By Katie Drummond,  [[The Verge]], October 4, 2013</ref> Among them are [[James Waddell Alexander II]], [[Michael Atiyah]], [[Enrico Bombieri]], [[Shiing-Shen Chern]], [[Pierre Deligne]], [[Freeman Dyson]], [[Albert Einstein]], [[Clifford Geertz]], [[Kurt Gödel]], [[Albert Hirschman]], [[George F. Kennan]], [[Tsung-Dao Lee]], [[Avishai Margalit]], [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], [[Erwin Panofsky]], [[Atle Selberg]], [[John von Neumann]], [[André Weil]], [[Hermann Weyl]], [[Frank Wilczek]], [[Edward Witten]], [[Chen-Ning Yang]] and [[Shing-Tung Yau]].