Editing Involuntary servitude (section)

==Other interpretations of involuntary servitude==
=== Abortion rights ===
Some have also argued that, should ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'', 410 U.S. 113 (1973), be overturned by the United States Supreme Court, a constitutional right to abortion could still be sustained on the basis that denying it would subject women to involuntary servitude contrary to the Thirteenth Amendment.<ref>Koppelman, Andrew, "Forced Labor: A Thirteenth Amendment Defense of Abortion", 84 ''Northwestern University Law Review'' 480 (1990)</ref> That decision was overturned in June of 2022,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/597/19-1392/|title=Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U. S. ____ (2022)|website=Justia|date=May 16, 2021|access-date=June 27, 2022}}</ref> but it is unclear whether forced pregnancy and child-bearing are within the scope of the term "servitude".<ref>{{cite journal|first=Norman|last=Vieira|journal=The University of Chicago Law Review|volume=55|issue=4|year=1988|pages=1181–1191|title=Hardwick and the Right of Privacy|doi=10.2307/1599785 |jstor=1599785 |url=https://jstor.org/stable/1599785|via=|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===Compulsory schooling===
Some libertarians consider [[compulsory schooling]] involuntary servitude. [[John Taylor Gatto]], a retired schoolteacher and libertarian activist critical of compulsory schooling writes of what he terms "The Cult Of Forced Schooling".<ref>{{Citation
|last=Gatto
|first=John Taylor
|title=The Underground History of American Education
|publisher=Oxford Village Press
|year=2001
|isbn=978-0-945700-04-3
|chapter=16. A conspiracy Against Ourselves
|chapter-url=http://www.johntaylorgatto.com/chapters/16c.htm
|url=http://lpedia.org/wiki/National_Platform
|access-date=2021-07-28
}}</ref> Many libertarians consider income taxation a form of involuntary servitude. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[United States Congressman|Congressman]] [[Ron Paul]] has described income tax as "a form of involuntary servitude",<ref>{{Citation
|author=Ron Paul
|title=Fewer Taxes for Real Economic Stimulus
|date=April 13, 2009
}}</ref> and has written, "... things like [[Selective Service System|Selective Service]] and the income tax make me wonder how serious we really are in defending just basic freedoms.<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.house.gov/htbin/blog_inc?BLOG,tx14_paul,blog,999,All,Item%20not%20found,ID=090216_2679,TEMPLATE=postingdetail.shtml
|title=On Reinstating the Draft
|author=Ron Paul
|author-link=Ron Paul
|year=2009
|publisher=house.gov
|access-date=2009-06-05}}</ref>

===Military conscription===
The [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party of the United States]] and other [[libertarianism|libertarian]]s consider military conscription to be involuntary servitude in the sense of the Thirteenth Amendment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dehnbase.org/lpus/library/platform/catm.html|title=Conscription and the Military|work=Libertarian Party|publisher=www.dehnbase.org|accessdate=December 10, 2021}}</ref> The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] disagreed with that interpretation in ''[[Arver v. United States]],'' relying on text of Article I and the prerequisites of [[sovereignty]].