Editing Japanese dialects (section)

===Kyushu Japanese===
Kyushu dialects are classified into three groups, [[Hichiku dialect]], [[Hōnichi dialect]] and [[Kagoshima dialect|Satsugu (Kagoshima) dialect]], and have several distinctive features:

*as noted above, Eastern-style imperatives ''miro ~ mire'' rather than Western Japanese ''miyo''
*''ka''-adjectives in Hichiku and Satsugu rather than Western and Eastern [[Japanese adjectives|''i''-adjectives]], as in ''samuka'' for ''samui'' 'cold', ''kuyaka'' for ''minikui'' 'ugly' and ''nukka'' for ''atsui'' 'warm'
*the [[nominalization]] and question particle ''to'' except for Kitakyushu and Oita, versus Western and Eastern ''no'', as in ''tottō to?'' for ''totte iru no?'' 'is this taken?' and ''iku to tai'' or ''ikuttai'' for ''iku no yo'' 'I'll go'
*the directional particle ''sai'' (Standard ''e'' and ''ni''), though Eastern Tohoku dialect use a similar particle ''sa''
*the emphatic [[sentence-final particle]]s ''tai'' and ''bai'' in Hichiku and Satsugu (Standard ''yo'')
*a concessive particle ''batten'' for ''dakedo'' 'but, however' in Hichiku and Satsugu, though Eastern Tohoku Aomori dialect has a similar particle ''batte''
*{{IPA|/e/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[je]}} and palatalizes ''s, z, t, d,'' as in ''mite'' {{IPA|[mitʃe]}} and ''sode'' {{IPA|[sodʒe]}}, though this is a conservative ([[Late Middle Japanese]]) pronunciation found with ''s, z'' (''sensei'' {{IPA|[ʃenʃei]}}) in scattered areas throughout Japan like the Umpaku dialect.
*as some subdialects in Shikoku and Chugoku, but generally not elsewhere, the accusative particle ''o'' resyllabifies a noun: ''honno'' or ''honnu'' for ''hon-o'' 'book', ''kakyū'' for ''kaki-o'' 'persimmon'.
*{{IPA|/r/}} is often dropped, for ''koi'' 'this' versus Western and Eastern Japanese ''kore''
*[[vowel reduction]] is frequent especially in Satsugu and [[Gotō Islands]], as in ''in'' for ''inu'' 'dog' and ''kuQ'' for ''kubi'' 'neck'
*Kyushu dialects share some lexical items with Ryukyuan languages, some of which appear to be innovations.{{sfnp|de Boer|2020|p=55}} Some scholars have proposed that Kyushu dialects and Ryukyuan languages are the same language group within the Japonic family.{{sfnp|de Boer|2020|p=52}}

Much of Kyushu either lacks pitch accent or has its own, distinctive accent. Kagoshima dialect is so distinctive that some have classified it as a fourth branch of Japanese, alongside Eastern, Western, and the rest of Kyushu.