Editing Jewish views on Jesus (section)

==Jesus as the Jewish Messiah==
{{Main|Messiah|Messiah in Judaism}}
Judaism's idea of the messiah differs substantially from the Christian idea of the Messiah. In [[Orthodox Judaism|orthodox]] [[Rabbinic Judaism]] the messiah's task is to bring in the Messianic Age, a one-time event, and a [[Jewish Messiah claimants|presumed messiah]] who is killed before completing the task (i.e. compelling all of [[Israelites|Israel]] to walk in the way of Torah, repairing the breaches in observance, fighting the wars of God, building the Temple in its place, gathering in the dispersed exiles of Israel) is not the messiah. Maimonides states,
{{Blockquote|But if he did not succeed in all this or was killed, he is definitely not the Mashiach promised in the Torah... and God only appointed him in order to test the masses.<ref name=HilchosMelachim>Maimonides, ''Hilchos Melachim'' 11:4-5.</ref>}}

Jews believe that the messiah will fulfill the messianic prophecies of the prophets [[Isaiah]] and [[Ezekiel]].<ref name=nachmanides2>[[Nachmanides]] in his dispute with [[Pablo Christiani]] in 1263 paragraph 49.</ref><ref name=simmons>[[Shraga Simmons|Simmons, Rabbi Shraga]], [http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/jewishsociety/Why_Jews_Dont_Believe_In_Jesus.asp "Why Jews Don't Believe in Jesus"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316040138/http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/jewishsociety/Why_Jews_Dont_Believe_In_Jesus.asp |date=2006-03-16 }}, accessed March 14, 2006.</ref><ref name=ohr>[http://ohr.edu/ask_db/ask_main.php/2637/Q1/ "Why Jews Don't Believe in Jesus"], [[Ohr Somayach, Jerusalem|Ohr Samayach]] - ''Ask the Rabbi'', accessed March 14, 2006.</ref><ref name=askmoses>[http://www.askmoses.com/qa_detail.html?h=120&o=350 "Why don't Jews believe that Jesus was the messiah?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508095233/http://www.askmoses.com/qa_detail.html?h=120&o=350 |date=2020-05-08 }}, [[AskMoses.com]], accessed March 14, 2006.</ref> Judaism interprets Isaiah 11:1 ("And there shall come forth a shoot out of the stock of Jesse, and a twig shall grow forth out of his roots.")  to mean that the messiah will be a patrilineal bloodline descendant of [[David|King David]].<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|11:1|HE}}</ref> He is expected to return the Jews to their homeland and [[Third Temple|rebuild the Temple]], reign as king, and usher in an [[Messianic Age|era of peace]]<ref name="Isaiah 2:4"/> and understanding where "the knowledge of [[God in Abrahamic religions|God]]" fills the earth,<ref name="Isaiah 11:9"/> leading the nations to "end up recognizing the wrongs they did Israel".<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|52:13-53:5|HE}}</ref> Ezekiel states the messiah will redeem the Jews.<ref>{{bibleverse||Ezekiel|16:55|HE}}</ref>

The Jewish view of Jesus is influenced by the fact that Jesus lived while the [[Second Temple]] was standing, and not during an exile. Being [[Virgin birth of Jesus|conceived via the Holy Spirit]] (as espoused by orthodox Christian doctrine), it would be impossible for Jesus to be a patrilineal bloodline descendant of King David. He never reigned as king, and there was no subsequent era of peace or great knowledge. Jesus died without completing or even accomplishing part of any of the messianic tasks, which Christians say will occur at a [[Second Coming]]. Rather than being redeemed, the Jews were subsequently exiled from [[Judaea (Roman province)|Judaea]], and the Temple  destroyed (as of yet it has not been rebuilt). These discrepancies were noted by Jewish scholars who were contemporaries of Jesus, as later pointed out by [[Nachmanides]], who in 1263 observed that Jesus was rejected as the messiah by the [[Rabbi|rabbis]] of his time.<ref>Nachmanides in the [[Disputation of Barcelona]] with [[Pablo Christiani]] in 1263 paragraph 103.</ref>

Moreover, Judaism sees Christian claims that Jesus is the textual messiah of the [[Hebrew Bible]] as being based on mistranslations,<ref>{{cite book
 |author=Michoel Drazin
 |title=Their Hollow Inheritance. A Comprehensive Refutation of Christian Missionaries
 |year=1990
 |publisher=Gefen Publishing House, Ltd.
 |isbn=965-229-070-X
 |url=http://www.drazin.com
}}</ref><ref>Troki, Isaac. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929141607/http://faithstrengthened.org/FS_TOC.html "Faith Strengthened"]}}.</ref> given that Jesus did not fulfill any of the [[Messiah in Judaism#Scriptural requirements|Jewish Messiah qualifications]].<ref name = "Aish">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.aish.com/jw/s/48892792.html
| title = Why Jews Don't Believe in Jesus
| date = May 9, 2009
| last = Simmons
| first = Shraga
| author-link = Shraga Simmons
| publisher = [[Aish HaTorah]]
| quote = Jews do not accept Jesus as the messiah because: {{ordered list |Jesus did not fulfill the messianic prophecies. |Jesus did not embody the personal qualifications of the Messiah. |Biblical verses "referring" to Jesus are mistranslations. |Jewish belief is based on national revelation.}}
}}
</ref>

===Prophecy and Jesus===
{{Main|Prophet|False prophet}}
According to the [[Torah]] ({{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|13:1-5|HE}} and {{bibleverse-nb||Deuteronomy|18:18-22|HE}}), the criteria for a person to be considered a [[Prophets in Judaism|prophet]] or speak for God in Judaism are that he must follow the [[Yahweh|God of Israel]] (and no other god); he must not describe God differently from how he is known to be from [[Hebrew scripture|Scripture]]; he must not advocate [[Supersessionism|change to God's word]] or state that God has changed his mind and wishes things that contradict his already-stated eternal word.<ref>[[Mishneh Torah]] ''Madah'' Yeshodai HaTorah 8:7-9</ref> There is no concept of the Messiah "fulfilling the law" to free the Israelites from their duty to maintain the ''[[Mitzvah|mitzvot]]'' in Judaism, as is understood in much of Christianity or some [[Messianic Judaism]].

Deuteronomy 13:1 says, "Be careful to observe only that which I enjoin upon you; neither add to it nor take away from it."<ref>''Tanakh: A New Translation of the Holy Scriptures'', ©1985 by The [[Jewish Publication Society]], 1st edition, p. 296; in christian bibles this verse is Deuteronomy 12:32</ref><ref name=ou>Frankel, Rabbi Pinchas, [https://www.ou.org/judaism-101/glossary/history/ "Covenant of History"], [[Orthodox Union|Orthodox Union of Jewish Congregations of America]], accessed March 14, 2006.</ref><ref name=urj>Edwards, Laurence, [http://urj.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=2819&pge_prg_id=26382&pge_id=3453 "Torat Hayim - Living Torah: No Rest(s) for the Wicked"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221220040/http://urj.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=2819&pge_prg_id=26382&pge_id=3453 |date=2005-12-21 }}, [[Union for Reform Judaism|Union of American Hebrew Congregations]], accessed March 14, 2006.</ref>

Even if someone who appears to be a prophet can perform supernatural acts or signs, no prophet or dreamer can contradict the laws already stated in the Tanakh.<ref>{{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|13:1-5|HE}} and {{bibleverse-nb||Deuteronomy|18:18-22|HE}}</ref><ref name=buchwald>[[Ephraim Buchwald|Buchwald, Rabbi Ephraim]], [http://rabbibuchwald.njop.org/2004/08/09/reeh-5764-2004/ "Parashat Re'eh 5764-2004: Identifying a True Prophet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411054517/http://rabbibuchwald.njop.org/2004/08/09/reeh-5764-2004/ |date=2017-04-11 }}, National Jewish Outreach Program, accessed March 14, 2006</ref>  Thus, any divergence espoused by Jesus from the tenets of scriptural Judaism would disqualify him from being considered a prophet in Judaism. This was the view adopted by Jesus' contemporaries, as according to rabbinical tradition as stated in the [[Talmud]] ([[Nashim|Sotah]] 48b) "when [[Malachi]] died the Prophecy departed from Israel." As Malachi lived centuries before Jesus it is clear that the rabbis of Talmudic times did not view Jesus as a divinely inspired prophet. Furthermore, the Bible itself includes an example of a prophet who could speak directly with God and could work miracles but was "evil",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cgi.org/salaam-the-prophet-of-error|title=Balaam the Prophet of Error|website=The Church of God International}}</ref> in the form of [[Balaam]].

===Jesus and salvation===
{{See also|Salvation}}
Judaism does not share the [[Salvation (Christianity)|Christian concept of salvation]], as it does not believe people are born in a [[Original Sin|state of sin]].<ref name = "Kolatch">{{cite book
| last=Kolatch
| first=Alfred
| title=The Second Jewish Book of Why
| orig-year=1985
| year=2000
| publisher=Jonathan David Publishers, Inc.
| location=[[Middle Village, Queens|Middle Village]], [[New York (state)|NY]]
| isbn=978-0-8246-0314-4
| lccn=84-21477
| pages=61–64
| chapter=Judaism and Christianity
| quote=Original sin, the virgin birth, the Trinity, and vicarious atonement are among the concepts that Christians embrace but Jews reject....The doctrine of original sin is totally unacceptable to Jews (as it is to Fundamentalist Christian sects such as the Baptists and Assemblies of God). Jews believe that man enters the world free of sin, with a soul that is pure and innocent and untainted.
}}
</ref> Judaism holds instead that man is born to strive for perfection, and to follow the word of God.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} 
Sin is then divided into two categories; transgression against God (through a failure to fulfill ritual obligations, such as not sanctifying the [[Sabbath]]), and transgression against man (through a failure to fulfill moral obligations, such as committing [[Lashon hara|gossip]]). To gain absolution, a person can repent of that sin, regret the sin, and commit to never do the sin again. God will then forgive their transgression against Him, although one may still be punished depending on the severity of the sin. If a sin is committed against man, the person needs to gain forgiveness from the one he sinned against; it cannot be forgiven by God or another person.<ref name = "ST">{{cite book
| last=Gerondi
| first=Yonah
| author-link=Yonah Gerondi
| title=שערי תשובה
|trans-title=The Gates of Repentance
| others=translated by [[Shraga Silverstein]]
| orig-year=1505
| year=1981
| publisher=[[Feldheim Publishers]]
| location=[[Nanuet, New York]]
| language=he, en
| isbn=978-0-87306-252-7
}}</ref>